表达习惯的不同(Different Ways of Saying Things)
由于归属不同语言体系和拥有不同的文化背景,汉英各有其独特的表达方式,形成不同的思维定式和价值评判标准。这使得语言学习,特别是外语学习困难重重。在母语中养成的言语直觉在另一种语言中可能毫无用处,甚或造成障碍。例如中文说“我送您到大门”,英语说:I'11 see you to the gate.翻译时难免要犯些个错误,不仅在遣词造句、词语搭配、惯用语等方面,在文体、修辞和褒贬方面也一样容易出差错。如下面的例子:(括号中词语为正确用法)
If you like riding,there are horses you can rent.(hire)
My favorite play is chess.(game)
The person sitting next to the driver was full of mud covered in mud)
汉英是两种完全不同的,各具典型的东西方文化特征的语言,其间差异巨大,以表达方式为例,便可见一斑。下面是我们翻译时容易弄错的搭配:
大雪heavy snow (而不习惯说big snow)
红茶black tea (而不习惯说red tea)
红糖brown sugar (而不习惯说red sugar)
浓茶strong tea (而不习惯说thick tea)
浓墨thick/dark ink (而不习惯说strong ink)
浓汤thick soup (而不习惯说strong soup)
浓烟heavy/dense smoke (而不习惯说strong smoke)
喝汤eat soup (而不习惯说drink soup)
丢脸lose face (而不习惯说lose one's face)
发脾气lose temper (而不习惯说lose one's temper)
露一手show a hand (而不习惯说show one's hand)
红眼病green-eyed (而不习惯说red-eyed)
减肥lose weight (而不习惯说lose one's weight)
哭穷poor-mouth (而不习惯说pretend to be poor)
大风strong wind;gale (而不习惯说big wind)
大雨heavy rain;downpour (而不习惯说big rain)
大水big flood;cataract (而不习惯说great flood)
闯红灯run a red light (而不习惯说through a red light)
不论晴雨rain or shine [而不习惯说(whether)shine or rain]
(电视/广播的)黄金时间prime time (而不习惯说golden time)
近三年the past three years (而不习惯说the latest three years)
所以,东南西北要说成north,south,east and west,而不习惯说east,south,west and north。而中国古代的南北朝译成英文就成了Northern and Southern Dynasties。
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