morning,afternoon,evening,night的时限
【问题】“他每天上午工作四小时”,英文译成He works four hours every day in the forenoon,不知对否?中文把一日分为早晨、上午、下午、夜晚四段时间,英文是否一样?
【解答】译文并不错,不过“上午”译成forenoon,略嫌太正式了一点,应改为常用的意义相同的morning一字:
He works four hours every day in the morning.
英文把一日也是分为四段,不过和我们的分法略有不同。原来上午下午,应当是以forenoon对afternoon来说的,而forenoon的原意也是从日出到正午,但后来的习惯用法,就把它看做从八、九点钟到正午了,也就是一般人视为上午或午前的含义。
提到morning我们心目中只会想到早晨,如He came to see me on Sunday morning.(他礼拜天早上来看了我。)又如晨星为morning star,晨祷为morning prayer,早报是morning paper等都是指的早晨。比喻用法则为初期,如the morning of life(生命的初期,青年时代。)但此字的原意实为由黎明到正午,故整个上午都包括在这字的范围之内,早晨只是它的一部分而已。
He works in the morning and plays in the afternoon.(他上午工作,下午玩耍。)
What have you been doing all morning?(你整个上午做了些什么?)
至于下午的afternoon是指从正午到五点钟光景的那一段时间。例如:
He came yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午他来过了。)
I saw him on Sunday afternoon.(我在星期天下午看见他。)
I shall be busy this afternoon.(今天下午我会很忙。)
When a guest comes to see you in the afternoon,you say “Good afternoon”to him.(午后有客人来,你向他道“午后好”。)
从下午五点以后到晚上九、十点光景的这一段时间,英文叫做evening,是属于夜的初期(early part of the night),此字中文可译作“晚”,“夕”,“暮”,“黄昏”。例如:
The evening is very cool. (晚间很凉快。)
He passed a merry evening with his friends.(他快乐地和朋友们共度了一个晚间。)
After the evening it is night.(在黄昏之后就是夜了。)
All shops are closed at eight o'clock in the evening.(晚上八点钟所有商店都关门了。)
On an autumn evening we enjoy the moonlight.(我们在秋夜赏月。)
英文的night原意为从日没到日出的一段时间,但一般都是把它看做九、十点钟以后的夜间,但此字又是day(白日,日间)的对称。
He came home very late at night.(他夜里很迟才回家。)
During the night we sleep;during the day we work and play.(我们在夜里睡觉,在白天工作和玩耍。)
Did anybody come last night?(昨夜有人来吗?)
I shan't be back before tomorrow night.(明天夜里以前我不会回来。)
夜校说evening school或是night school都可以,因为那通常是从七点起到九、十点钟为止,跨着evening和night两段时间的。一般应该用evening school才对,因为以起始的时间为准,不过night school是对day school而言的。
在一日之内早晚不同的时候见面或分手,英文都有一定的语句来说,如Good morning(早安),Good afternoon(午后好),Good evening(晚安),至于分手时在白天说Goodbye(再会),在夜间则说Good night(再会)。Good day译为“日安”的话,Good night又可译为“晚安”了。
--摘自钱歌川《英文疑难详解续篇》
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