|
中文术语 |
英文术语 |
英文解释 |
| 巴黎俱乐部 |
Paris Club |
A monthly meeting, taking place in Paris, between the creditors of 19 countries for the purpose of discussing debt issues. Among other things, the Paris Club addresses the issue of coordinated debt relief for developing countries that cannot service their debt. |
| 白皮书 |
White Paper |
An informational document issued by companies trying to promote or highlight the significance of a planned product or service |
| 白武士 |
White Knight |
A company that makes a friendly takeover offer for the control of a target company that is being faced with a hostile takeover from a separate party. |
| 白象 |
White Elephant |
Any investment that nobody wants because it is a money loser. |
| 半可变因素 |
Semi-Variable Cost |
A cost composed of a mixture of fixed and variable components. Costs are fixed for a set level of production or consumption, becoming variable after the level is exceeded. |
| 半年 |
Semi-annual |
An event that occurs twice in a calendar year. |
| 保管人 |
Custodian |
A financial institution that has the legal responsibility for a customer's securities. This implies management as well as safekeeping. |
| 保管帐户 |
Custodial Account |
1. An account created at a bank, brokerage firm or mutual fund company that is managed by an adult for a minor that is under the age of 18 to 21 (depending on state legislation). |
| 保护主义 |
Protectionism |
Actions taken by a government to prevent imports from destroying domestic producers. |
| 保荐人 |
Sponsor |
- In the context of mutuals, an underwriting company that offers shares in its mutual funds.
- In the context of stocks, an influential investor who creates demand for a security because of their positive outlook on it.
|
| 保留管理层的收购项目 |
Management Buyin (MBI) |
When a group of investors outside of a company purchase a controlling block of shares and keep the existing management. |
| 保留盈余 |
R/E |
The percentage of net earnings not paid out in dividends, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business or to pay debt. It is recorded under shareholders equity on the balance sheet.
Calculated by adding net income to (or subtracting any net losses from) beginning retained earnings and subtracting any dividends paid to shareholders. |
| 保留盈余 |
Retained Earnings |
The percentage of net earnings not paid out in dividends, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business or to pay debt. It is recorded under shareholders equity on the balance sheet. |
| 保收债券 |
Cushion Bond |
A type of callable bond that sells at a premium because the issued coupon payments are above market interest rates |
| 保证金、按金 |
Margin Account |
- The use of borrowed money to purchase securities, referred to as "buying on margin."
- The amount of equity contributed by a customer as a percentage of the current market value of the securities held in a margin account.
- In a general business context, margin refers to the difference between selling price and the cost of goods sold.
|
| 贝塔系数 |
Beta (Coefficient) |
The measure of systematic risk of a security. Beta (or beta coefficient) is a means of measuring the volatility of a security or portfolio of securities in comparison with the market as a whole. |
| 备考、模拟 |
Pro Forma |
A latin term that translates into "for the sake of form." In the investing world, the term describes a method of calculating financial results in order to emphasize either current or projected figures. |
| 备考盈利 |
Pro Forma Earnings |
Earnings that are derived by pro forma rather than standard GAAP methods. |
| 背对背贷款 |
Back-to-Back Loan |
A loan where two companies in different countries borrow offsetting amounts in each other's currency. The purpose of this transaction is to hedge against currency fluctuations. |
| 被动投资 |
Passive Investing? |
An investment strategy involving limited ongoing buying and selling actions. Passive investors will purchase investments with the intention of long-term appreciation and limited maintenance. |
| 倍数 |
Multiple |
Another term for the price/earnings ratio, which is calculated by dividing a stock's current price by the company's current annual earnings per share. |
| 倍数压缩 |
Multiple Compression |
Arises when a stock trades at a certain multiple and, while earnings may be good, the stock price doesn't move or sometimes goes down. The result is that the multiple is reduced even though nothing is fundamentally wrong with the company. The valuation has been called into question and the multiple that you are willing to pay for that stock is the only thing different. |
| 本金、[企业]主要负责人、[交易]当事人 |
Principal |
- The amount borrowed or the amount still owed on a loan, separate from interest.
- The original amount invested, separate from earnings.
- The face value of a bond.
- The owner of a private company.
- The main party to a transaction, acting as either a buyer or seller for his/her own account and risk.
|
| 本年迄今 |
YTD |
The period beginning January 1st of the current year up until today's date |
| 本年迄今 |
Year To Date (YTD) |
The period beginning January 1st of the current year up until today's date |
| 本票 |
Promissory Note |
A written, dated, and signed two-party instrument containing an unconditional promise by the maker to pay a definite sum of money to a payee on demand or at a specified future date. |
| 本债比 |
Gearing |
This is the ratio of long-term funds with fixed interest that makes up a firm's capital. |
| 比例税 |
Proportional Tax |
An income tax that takes the same percentage of income from everyone regardless of how much (or little) an individual earns. |
| 必付合约 |
Take or Pay |
A provision, written into a contract, whereby one party has the obligation of either taking delivery of goods or paying a specified amount. |
| 避风港 |
Safe Harbor |
- A legal provision to reduce or eliminate liability as long as good faith is demonstrated.
- A form of shark repellant where a target company acquires a business that is so poorly regulated that the target itself is less attractive. In effect, this gives the target company a "safe harbor."
- An accounting method that avoids legal or tax regulations and allows for a simpler (usually) method of determining a tax consequence than is available following the precise language of the tax code.
|
| 避税乐园 |
Tax Haven |
A country that offers individuals and businesses little or no tax liability. |
| 边际税率 |
Marginal Tax Rate |
The amount of tax paid on an additional dollar of income. As income rises, so does the tax rate. |
| 边际效用 |
Marginal Utility |
The additional satisfaction obtained by a consumer from consuming one more unit of a good or service. |
| 贬值 |
Devaluation |
Lowering the value of a country's currency compared to the value of a commodity or to the value of another country's currency. |
| 变动率 |
ROC |
One of two principal clearing houses for securities traded in the Euromarkets. |
| 变动率 |
Rate of Change (ROC) |
The speed at which a variable changes over a specific period of time. |
| 标准差 |
Standard Deviation |
- A measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The more spread apart the data is, the higher the deviation.
- In finance, standard deviation is applied to the annual rate of return of an investment to measure the investment's volatility (risk).
|
| 标准普尔 |
S&P (Standard And Poor's) |
A company that rates stocks and corporate and municipal bonds according to risk profiles. Additionally, Standard and Poor's produces and tracks the S&P indexes, and publishes a variety of financial and investment reports. |
| 标准普尔 |
S&P |
A company that rates stocks and corporate and municipal bonds according to risk profiles. Additionally, Standard and Poor's produces and tracks the S&P indexes, and publishes a variety of financial and investment reports. |
| 标准普尔500 |
S&P500 |
An index consisting of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity, and industry group representation. It is a market-value weighted index, with each stock's weight in the index proportionate to its market value |
| 表现超越大市 |
Market Outperform |
An analyst recommendation meaning a stock is expected to do slightly better than the market return. |
| 表现超越大市 |
Outperform |
An analyst recommendation meaning a stock is expected to do slightly better than the market return. |
| 表现股票 |
Performance Shares |
Shares of company stock that are given to managers only if certain performance criteria is met. |
| 表现落后大市 |
Underperform |
An analyst recommendation that means a stock is expected to do slightly worse than the market return |
| 波动性 |
Volatility |
- In general, volatility is a statistical measure of the tendency of a market or security to rise or fall sharply within a short period of time. Volatility is typically calculated by using variance or annualized standard deviation of the price or return.
- Volatility is a variable that appears in option pricing formulas. In the option pricing formula, it denotes the extent to which the the return of the underlying asset will fluctuate between now and the expiration of the option.
|
| 表现最佳承销商 |
Bulge Bracket |
The group of firms in an underwriting syndicate who sold the largest amount of the issue. |
| 补偿买进 |
Buy-In |
When an investor is forced to repurchase shares because the seller did not deliver the securities in a timely fashion, or did not deliver them at all. |
| 不可抗力 |
Force Majeure |
Literally translated as "great force," this clause is included in contracts to remove liability for unforeseen events restricting participants from fulfilling obligations. |
| 不可买回 |
Non-Callable |
Securities that cannot be called by the issuer prior to maturity. |
| 不良贷款 |
Bad Debt |
A debt which is not collectable and therefore worthless to the creditor. |
| 不良贷款 |
NPL |
Loans that are in default or close to being in default. |
| 不良资产 |
Non-Performing Asset |
Any asset that is not effectively producing income. |
| 不良贷款 |
Non-Performing Loan |
Loans that are in default or close to being in default. |
| 不能变现 |
Illiquid |
An asset or security that cannot be converted into cash very quickly (or near prevailing market prices). |
| 部分还款 |
Paydown |
The process of repaying a portion of an outstanding loan balance. |
