专业词汇 |
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印刷科技词汇大全（7）
发布时间：2011-7-16 21:31:00|| 点击：9346次|| 文章分类：专业词汇|| 发布人：翻译家(Fanyijia.com)
Presensitized plate(PS plate)
Any metal or paper lithographic printing plate which has been precoated with a photosensitive material. 预涂感光液版 表面预先涂上感光物料的各类型纸或金属柯式印版。 Preset Giving preliminary value to a variable or priliminary adjustment of a machine parts before operation. 预定调校 在开动机器前把有关部份作初步调校或给予可变数值一个初步的数据。 Press proof Proof taken from the press after makeready.It is used to obtain approval prior to the full press run.Also known as Machine revise. Press revise. 印前校稿 校机后，压印的稿样，作施印前的准印稿。参阅上文。 Press revise Synonymous with Press proof. 印前校稿 参阅上文。 Press section A section of the paper-machine immediately following the wire section.Its function is to press the water out of the newly formed paper before it is passed on to the drying cylinders. 压榨部 造纸机的一部份。它在网部之后，作用是把刚成形的纸内水份压出，然后往烘缸部烘干。 Pressing Flattening folded sections before binding.Also called Nipping,Smashing. 压平 装订前，把折叠的书贴压实平服的操作。参阅上文。 Pressure-sensitive Characteristic of a material which adheres when pressure is applied. 压感 因受压力而粘贴的物料特性。 Pressure-sensitive lettering Synonymous with "transfer type","rub-down lettering".See Transfer type. 擦贴字 参阅下文。 Prevention maintenance A regular inspection,repair and replacement routine designed to reduce the risk of system failure. 预防式维修 一个定期检查，修理和例行更换的计划，以减少系统停顿的风险。 Primary colours In light,the primary colours are red,green and blue.In printing inks,the primary colours are magenta,cyan and yellow and blue.They are called primary colours because mixing different amount of the primary colours will produce numerous different colours,but by the mixing of other colours,the primary colours can not be produced.See Additive primary colours,Subtractive primary colours. 原色 光的原色是红绿和蓝。印刷油墨的原色是洋红，青蓝和黄。美术方面的原色是红，黄和蓝。它们被称为原色是因为用不同份量的原色可混合成无数的其他颜色；但用其他颜色则不能混合成原色。参阅加色法原色，减色法原色。 Primary storage The main storage of a computer system formerly in the form of magnetic core but now mostly in chips.It consists of RAM,ROM, and PROM,etc.See Memory. 主贮记器 电脑的主要贮记部份；以前用磁环组成，现在则多用晶片。它包括即时存取贮记器，只读贮记器和程式贮记器等。参阅贮记部。 Primer Printing work which acts as a base or undercoat for a colour which will otherwise lack covering power,e.g. a metallic silver or gold ink.When printing gold, a yellow primer is used,when printing silver,a grey primer is used,etc. 底色 在印某个颜色前，先印的一层油墨，作为基层或底色。不然，叠印的颜色便不显现；例如金或银的金属油墨。当印金墨时，几黄的底色；印银墨时，用灰的底色等。 (1)A photograph. (2)Fine arts drawing produced by using any of the conventional printing processes,such as etching,relief,lithographic or screen printing. The printing are performed by the artist himself and he signed each print and marked down the sequence against the quantity printed. （1）相片，（2）版画 （1）一帧照片。 （2）用任何常规的印刷方法如蚀刻凹版，凸版，平版或网印等所制成的美术图画。版画是由画家亲自印制，并在每张画上签名，写上印次和印数。 Print planning (1)The decision as how printed pieces are to be done so that a most aesthetic,convenience and economic way of working could be derived. (2)Synonymous with "planning".See Planning. （1）印刷编排，（2）装版操作 （1）决定印刷品的整个印制过程，以达到美观，方便和经济的效果。 （2）参阅上文。 Print run The number of copies printed. 印数 印了多少份的意思。 Print-making Making fine art drawings by means of printing.See Print. 制版画 用印刷方法制成的美术图画。参阅版画。 Print-out A printed record of computer output by a printer.Synonymous with Hard copy. 硬卷 用印字机印出记录的电脑输出。参阅上文。 Print-out mask Better known as Burn-out mask.See Burn-out mask. 消版用遮片 参阅上文。 Printability The combined paper characteristics of smoothness,hardness,whiteness,opacity and others,which affect the receptivity of ink and the printed appearance. 印刷适性 纸张的综合特性：平滑，硬度，白度， 不透明度等。它影响印刷品的吸墨程度和外观效果。 Printed circuit board A plastic base with a copper coating on to which the circuitry is printed with a protective layer of ink.Etching will then be carried out to remove the copper from the unwanted areas.Electronic components are attached after the ink has been cleaned. 印刷线路板 在塑胶基片镀铜，用网印和保护油墨印上线路，跟着用腐蚀方法把非线路地方的铜膜蚀去。把油墨洗去，便可装上电子部件。 Printed paper case(ppc) A common finish for hardback children's books,where the covering material over the boards is paper which has been printed and laminated. 印刷纸封壳 硬皮儿童书籍常用的修饰方法。书壳的包面材料是经过印刷和裱胶的纸。 printer (1)An individual involved in the printing trade. (2)A computer output device designed to produce a hard copy of text or simple graphics.There are impact printers,such as daisy-wheel printers,line-printer,etc.and non-impact printers such as Ink jet printers,Laser printer,etc. （1）印刷人，（2）印字机 （1）从事印刷行业的个别人士。 （2）电脑的输出装置，用来印制文字或简单的图形的硬卷。有撞击式印字机如菊花字轮印字机，行印机等，和非撞击式印字机如喷墨印字机，激光印字机等。 Printing down The process of producing an image on a light sensitive plate by exposure. 晒版 用曝光方法在感光性的印版上造成影像的情况。 Printing pressure The pressure,in kg per square metre or pounds per square inch,used to transfer the image to the paper;i.e. the pressure between the plate and impression cylinder; in offset,it is the perssure between the offset blanket cylinder and impression cylinder. 印刷压力 把印纹转移到纸上的压力，以千克每平方米或磅每平方寸计；即是印版与压力圆筒间的压力；柯式印刷则是胶布圆筒与压力圆筒间的压力。 Printing sequence The order in which the four process colours are applied.The usual printing sequence adopted for a four-colour press is:C,Y,M,K;and for a single colour press is:Y,C,M,K.Actually, there is no hard and fast rule for printing sequence,it only follows a standard set by the individual company. 印刷顺序 四色彩印的颜色先后次序。习惯 上，四色机的印刷顺序是：黑，洋红，青蓝，黄；双色机的印刷顺序是：青蓝，黄，洋红，黑；单色机的顺序是：黄，青蓝，洋红，黑。实际上，印刷顺序并无硬性规定，它只是依照个别公司所订定的标准而进行。 Process camera A camera designed specifically for graphic arts photography,that is,repro-photography,as distinct from orginal photography. 制版照相机 专为印刷照相用的相机；即是作复制照相，有别于原景物照相。 Process colour printing A form of multi-colour printing in which only four definite colours,viz.:yellow,magenta,cyan and black are used.See multi-colour printing. 四色彩印 是多色印刷的一种。它限定使用黄，洋红，青蓝和黑四种颜色。参阅多色印刷。 P -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Process colours The colours used for the process colour printing.They are process blur(cyan),process red(magenta),yellow and black. 彩印颜色 四色彩印所用的颜色。它们是：彩印蓝（青蓝），彩印红（洋红），黄和黑。 Process inks Cyan,magenta,yellow and black inks fromulated as a set of four for process colour printing. 四色墨 配制为一套，供四色彩印用的油墨，它们分别是青蓝，洋红，黄和黑。 Program(Programme) The complete set of instructions which control a computer in the performance of a task. 程式 控制电脑，使它进行某项工作的整套指令。 Programmable Any device that can receive ,store and act on a computer program. 可编程式的 任何可以接收，贮存和依照电脑程式行动的装置。 Programmable read only memory(PROM) A solid state computer memory for storing programs which cannot be altered by the user. 程式贮记器 电脑的固态元件贮记器，它贮存的程式，用者不能更改。 Programmer A person involved in writing a computer program. 程式编制员 参阅编写电脑程式的人 Programming The steps involved in the preparation of a computer program; including problem definition,flow chart,coding,assembly, testing and application. 程式编写 有关编制电脑程式的各个步骤：包括介定问题，流程图，代码，直译，测试和应用。 Programming instructions A set of commands(instruction set) available for the writing of programs for a particular computer. 程式编写指令 用来为某种电脑编写程式的一套指令。 Progressive proofs(Progressives) In process colour printing,a set of seven proofs used as a guide to colour matching at the printing stage.It consists of each single colour; combinations of two,three and four colours. 演色稿样 一套在四色彩印时作为对色用的色稿。它包括单色稿各一份，两色，三色和四色叠印稿各一份；整套演色稿样共七份。 PROLOG An acronym for PROgramming in LOGie languages.POLOG has been developed for use in artificial intelligence applications. 逻辑语言编写程式 是用逻辑语言程式编写的意思。它是因为人工智能的用途而开发的。 Prompt A message,usually displayed but sometimes audible,requesting an action from a computer user. 提示 提醒电脑用者有所行动的文字显示，但有时是声音。 Proof A trial printed sheet or copy,for the purpose of checking. Following the progression of work,there are different types of proof:gally proof,page-up proof and press proof,Also called a Pull. 稿样 校对用的一份或一张试印样本。稿样有多种，依照工作过程，它们是：长条，整页和印前校稿。 Proofreader An abbreviation for author's alteration.It is commonly used in America to identify any alteration in text or illustrative matter which is not a printer's error as author's alteration usually charged as extra.Similar English term is Author's correction. 校对员 阅读稿样的人员。他在错误的地方作标记，以便改正。 Proofreaders marks A standard series of symbols used by mproofreaderto denote errors and the necessary corrections. 校对符号 校对员使用的一组标准符号。用它指示错误和所需的更改。 Proportional space characters The design of a fount of type in which each characters were assingned a width,known as set,in accordance to its shape.For example, the set for the letter M is three times of the letter I. 比例字宽字 一副英文字的设计，各字母宽依照该字的形状，有着不同比例的字宽。例如M字的字宽是I字的三倍等。 Protocol The proper procedure for the accomplishment of computer internal communication; including the log-on,data file access,and its communication with other systems.As far as protocols for representating text are concerned, the main schemes are ASCII and EBCDIC. 规约 使电脑内部通讯顺利进行的固定程序；它包括注册，在文件夹存取资料，，及和其他系统通讯。至于代表文字方面的规约，主要方式是雅舒码和纳斯迪码。 Protocol converter Any device which is capable of receiving data in one form and outputting it in another,so establishing communication between systems employing different protocols.A media converter is a example of a sophisticated form of protocol converter. 规约转换器 接收某种代码，把它转为另一种代码然后输出的一种装置。使用不同规约的系统，可用这个装置联系。媒介转换机是一种较为精密的规约转换器。 Psychrometer An instrument for the accurate determination of relative humidity.It consists of a wet and dry bulb thermometer. 相对湿度计 可以准确的测量相对湿度的仪器。它由一湿球和一干球温度计组合而成。 Public domain Material which is free from copright encumbrance and freely available to anyone who wishes to use it. 公开领域 并无版权限制，可任人随意提取和使用的资料。 Publisher One who makes a business of publishing and marketing books,magazines or newspapers. per. 出版商 以出版及推销印刷书籍，杂志或报纸为职业的人士。 Publishing All the activities leading to the printing of a publication such as a book,magazine of newspaper,as well as those activities such as marketing and distributing it to the public. 出版 印制出版物如书籍，杂志或报纸的各项工作，或推销和发行出版物的 各项工作。 Pull A proof,See Proof. 稿样 参阅上文。 Pull down menus Also referred to as pro-up menus.OPtions are revealed only when a menu type is accessed, usually by a pointing and clicking action with a mouse.Once the option has been selected the menu disappears leaving the screen free. 帘式菜单 亦称弹出式菜单。用滑鼠指向菜单类别然后一按，便出现各项选择的菜单。选择之后，菜单消失，留下空白荧幕。 Pull-out Part of a publication which can be removed from the binding and used separately. 抽出本 出版物的一部份。它可以从装订中松出，当独立本使用。 Pulp The mixture of fibre,water,bleaches and fillers from which paper is made.There are two main category of pulp,viz:Mechanical pulp and Chemical pulp. 纸浆 由纤维，水，漂白剂和填料混合而成的造纸材料。它分为机械浆和化学浆两大类别。 Pulp board A homogeneous board manufactured to its full thickness on the papermaking machine.When mixing pulp with pulp boards made of different type of fibres,paper of different quality can be made. 纸浆板 用单一种纤维质，尽造纸机能制造的厚度而造成的纸浆板。用不同纤维的纸浆板调配纸浆，可制成不同品质的纸。 Pulse A regular,significant abrupt change of short duration in the level of an electric voltage or current. 脉动 电压或电流作有规则的，短暂的和明显的突然变动。 Punch card Card punched with a pattern of holes encoding data for storage and reading. 穿孔卡 依照固定模式打孔，作为代码，贮存和阅读资料的卡。 Punch register system Device which punches registered holes in sets of films or plates for positioning purposes.See Pin register system. 打孔定位系统 在一套菲林片或版片上打定位小孔，以确定位置的装置。参阅图钉定位系统。 Punch tape Synonymous with Paper tape,Perforated tape,See paper tape. 穿孔纸带 是纸带的同义词。参阅纸带。 Punctuation marks Marks to be put into a piece of witing for clarity of meaning.They are: 标点符号 加放于文章内，使含意清楚的符号。它们是： pure Colour in its own natural form and containing no grey. 纯色 是颜色本身的自然色彩，不含灰色。 Purity One of the three characteristics of colour.It is an objective expression to show if there is any grey in a colour.A 100%purity means the colour contains no grey.Also called Saturation.The subjective term for this characteristic is Chroma. 纯度 颜色三特性之一。它是一个客观的表达方式，显示颜色所含的灰度。100%纯度是指不含灰色。亦称饱和度。这个特性的主观术语是彩度。 Pushdowm list A list of items which is constructed and maintained so that each item stored bbecomes the first item of the list.The opposite of a pushup list. 下移表 物品项目表。它的结构和运行是将新加入的项目放置为表内第一个项目。相反的是上移表。 Pushup list A list of items which is constructed and maintained so that each additional item stored is placed at the end of the list. 上移表 物品项目表。它的结构各运行是将新加入的项目放置 于表之最后。 Q -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Quad (Quadrat) A term used in hot-metal typesetting to denote a piece of metal below type high used for spacing out lines or filling space. In mechanical typesetting or phototypesetting, quadding is the spacing out of a line, quad right on the keyboard indicating spacing to the right ,quad-left indicating spacing to the left, and quad centre indicating to both side of a line to make it centre. 空铅 热式排字的术语。指较活字低，用来填满字行或空白地方的金属块。在机械排字或照相排字方面：键盘上的“加空铅”指令是填满字行。“右边加空铅”是填满右边的空间；“左边加空铅”是填满左边的空间；而“分中加空铅”则是在字行的左右分别加空铅，使字行居中。 Quad left/right Synonymous with "align Left/right";"flush left/right";"ragged left/right";"ranged left/right".See Flush kleft/right. 齐左/齐右 参阅上文。 Quarter bound Style of binding in which the spine covering is of one material and the sides of another.See Bound book. 四份一装 书籍装订的一种款式。包著书脊部份用一物料，其他两面则用另一种物料。参阅手精装。 Quarter tone Illustration made by retouching a coarsescreen halftone print to emphasize the shadows by making them solid and the highlights by making them white,following which the illustration is reshot as fine line. 四份一色调 用一粗网造成半色调相片，跟着把暗影 部份填黑，把空白部份涂白，使它们出，然后把相片当精细线条，再作摄影复制的图片。 Quarto A size of paper obtaimed by regular subdivision.It is a quarter of the basic sheet size or of any given size.Abbreviated to "4to". 四开 从规则分割纸张所得的大小，它是基本纸度或任何指定纸度的四份之一。 Quartz-haliogen lamp A type of incandescent lamps which made up of a quartz bulb with halogen(bromime,fluorine or iodine)added to the filled gas to prevent the glowing tungsten filament to vaporize that blacken the bulb wall gradually. It has a colour temperature of 3200 k and above,giving a much stronger intensity than other types of incandescent lamp.Thus,a common light source for process cameras.See Incandesceat lamp.. 卤素石英灯 是一种白炽灯，用石英玻璃作外壳，内充气体加入卤素（溴，氯或碘），以防止钨丝的热力蒸发而逐渐产生灯壳发黑现象。它的色温是3200度K以上，较一般白炽灯的强度高。因此，它是制版照相的常用光源。参阅白炽灯。 Queue A group of items arranged in a particular sequence,waiting to have some process performed. 轮候 一组事物，按照特定的先后次序，等候作某类处理。 Quick-set ink Inks that allow immediate overprinting and dry by a combination of penetration and oxidation.The ink's vehicle is a resin-oil combination. When printed,the oil will penetrate quickly into the paper leaving the resin which binds the pigments and oxidizes on the sur face of the paper. 快干墨 容许即时叠印及以渗透和氧化干燥的墨。墨的展色剂是油和树脂的混合。当印上纸面时，沿用迅速渗入纸内，余下树脂氧化而干燥，把颜料粘牢纸面。 Quire of paper A standard ream is 500sheets, a quire being a twentieth part of this,i,e. 25 aheets.However,it may vary slightly with different types of paper giving 24 sheets only. 一刀纸 一拈纸的标准数量是五百张，一刀纸是它的二十份之一；即是二十五张。但是，因不同类型纸的关系，有二十四张为一刀的轻微差别。 Quirewise wire stitch Method of binding booklets in which wire staples are used to stitch through the spine of the folded sheets.Also called Saddle stitch,Saddle-wirestitch. 骑马钱丝订 装订小册子的方法，它用铁的订书钉穿过折叠纸张的脊部钉牢。亦称骑马订。 Quoins In letterpress printing, the wedges used for locking-up pages or type or blocks in chase./There are the ordinary wooden quoins,which are composed of pieces of metal that made to expand by the turning of a quoin-key. 字锁 活版印刷，用来把字版或电版锁稳在印框内的楔。有普通的木字锁，它是简单的两片木楔；和机械字锁，它由两片金属块组成，转动字锁匙便可把它们扩张。 Quotation marks The marks placed before and after words quoted from others,or a sentence of dialogue, or of words which need special emphasis. Abbreviated to Quotes. 引号 放在引用他人的词句，或叙述对话的词句，以及特别著重的字前后的符号。 Quotations Large hollow spacing materrial of sizes larger than 24-point used for filling out the open spaces in a page of type. 大空铅 活字排版，用来填满空白位置的材料。它是24点以上的中空铅块。 Qwerty keyboard A standard typewriter keyboard.Its layout was originally designed to slow down the typist to prevent the keys from jamming.Howrver, it has been adopted for use in phototypesetters and computers.Qwerty is the order of the letters on the left-hand upper row of alphabet keys. 标准键盘 英文打字机用的标准键盘。它的设计原意是减慢打字速度，免使字锥挤在一起。然而，它被照相排字机和电脑采用，成为它们的标准键盘。它的英文名称是由左手上行字键的顺序字母组成。 Quotes Short for "quotation marks".See Quotation marks. 引号 参阅上文。 R -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Radio-frequency drying A means of rapid drying by the use of certain radio-frepuency waves.Used for drying of inds in web presses and adhesices in some book-binding lines.Better known as Microwave drying. 射频干燥 用某类无线电波的频率作快速干燥的一种方法。应用于卷筒纸机上，使用权油墨干燥；或应用于一些装订作业上，使胶粘剂干燥。这个方法，常被称为微波干燥。 Rag paper The finest grade of paper made exclusively from rag or cotton fibre; if only partial,the percentage of rag is stated on the label. 布浆纸 用布碎或棉布纤维造成的最优质纸张；若布浆只占一部份，它的百分率要写在标签上。 Ragged setting Text set with irregular line lengths.It may be "ragged left" which have an uneven left margin but an even right marhin; or "ragged right" which have an uneven right margin but an even left margin.Ragged lift is betrer known as Flush right,and Ragged right is better known as Flush left. 不齐排式 内文排字，字行长度参差不齐的排法。它可以“齐左”，让右边不齐；也可以“齐右”，让左边不齐。 Rainbow printing In print making,several stripes of colours are applied to an inking roller at the same time so that the colours merge inperceptively as they run into each other when the roller rotates. The plate is then roll-up and a colourful print will result from a single printing. 彩虹印刷 制版书时，同时在一支墨辊上涂上多种颜色条子；转动墨辊，使颜色散开相接，逐淅融合。用它在版面滚墨后，压印一次，便得彩色缤纷的印张。 Raised printing Another term for "thermographic printing".SeeThermographic printing. 凸字印刷 又称为烫凸印刷。参阅下文。 RAM Acronym for random access memory.RAM is part of the primary store and is the integrated circuits or chips used to store programs and data while the computer is woking. Data is lost from RAM when the power is switched off. See Random access. 即时存取贮记器 英文是“即时存取贮记器”的字首字。它是电脑主贮器的一部份；是集成电路或晶片；当电脑运作时，用来贮存程式和数据。若电源关闭，它的贮存数据便会失去。参阅即时存取。 RAM cache A reserved section of a RAM disc used to improve performance. 即时贮区 在虚拟磁碟内的一个预留区域，用来增强工作能力。 RAM disc A disc drive that is simulated in memory.To use a RAM disc,program and data files are copied from the disc into the RAM disc first. Then inputs and outputs that normally go to the disc are diverted to the RAM disc.Processing os speeded up, because there's no mechanical disc action,only memory transfers. However, if the power fails, all the updated data in the RAM disc will be lost. 虚拟磁碟 仿效贮记器的一个磁碟驱动器。使用权用它时，先把磁碟上的程式和数据档案抄写在它上面；跟着，所有常态运作的输入和输出都从磁碟改转用它。这样，运作速度加快，因为这是记忆的转换而不需磁碟作机械的转动。可是，若电源中断，则全部更新的资料便会失去。 Tsndom sccess A form of access where storing and retrieving data can be performed directly and instantly.The time it took was irrespective to their address sequence. Magnetic disc is a form of storrage which provides the convenience of random access. See Sequential access. 即时存取 直接及即时完成存取数据的一种形式。所需的时间与数据所在的地址次序无关。磁碟便是一种提供即时存取方便的贮记器。参阅顺序存取。 Range Synonymous with "align" in typography. Thus,"range left" means flush left. and "range right" means flush right. Also called Align. 封齐 排字术语。字行向左边对齐，即”齐左“；向右边对齐，即”齐右“。 Ranging figures Arabic numerals that are of equal height. Better kmown as Lining figures. 齐线数字 高度相等的阿拉伯数字。参阅上文。 Repid access processing Method to cut processing time of film by using high temperature chemicals coupled with shallow bath processing for development,stop,fix and wash.See Stabilization processing. 快速冲洗 缩短化学处理菲林时间的方法：它采用高温化学剂，配合浅盘投影，停显，定影和冲洗。参阅稳定冲洗。 Raster The elements that form a display screen image. They are parallel horizontal scan lines,each of the line is produced ty dots that are very closed to each other. 点线 是构成萤幕显示影像的要素。它是平行横向扫描线条；而每一线条又由很多小点，密排而成。 Raster image file format (RIFF) A computer file format for the description of high-resolution bitmaps such as photographs.Similar to the more widely used TIFf format.See TIFF. 点线影像档案格式（点影式） 用来描述高解像数元图记，例如相片的档案格式。它与广泛使用权用的“标准式”相似。参阅标准式。 R -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Raster image processor (RIP) A device which converts code in a page descriprion language into the pattern of dots in raster format so that output devices,such as laser printer or image-setter may be used to create the page image. The RIP mkay be softwre or hardware-based. 点线影像处理器 把页术语言代码转为点线格式的点状图案的装置。转换后的数据，传送往输出装置：如激光印字机或图文影排机，产生整页图像。点线影像处理器可分为软件式或硬件式。 Raster scanning The technique of reading or plotting an image by the selective identification or sampling of dots,line by line,in a series of horizontal sweeps following a raster matrix pattern or grid. 点线扫描 依照一个点线矩阵或格，把样本上的图像，逐点的选择和辩认，逐行逐行的横扫过去，读出或绘画该图像。 Raw data Dare which has not been processed or prepared. 原始数据 未经加工或处理的数据。 Raw stock Base paper before coating. 原纸 未加涂层的基纸。 Re-screen To take a picture which is already screened such as a half-tone and shoot it again with a new half-tone screen.It is important in doing this to avoid moire pattern happening. 再加网 把一帧已经网点化的图片，如半色调图片，再从新用半色调网拍摄的情况。拍摄时要避免撞网图案的出现。 Read only memory (ROM) Computer memory supplied as a chip inside the computer and which annnot be altered by the user.ROM typically contaims the basic system programs resident in the computer. 唯读贮记器 用者不能更改的电脑贮记元件，它以晶片形式装置于电脑内。典型的唯读贮记器载有电脑的基本系统程式。 Read-write head The component which reads from and writes to a magnetic disc or tape. 读写头 在磁碟或磁带上读出，和写上数据的元件。 Readability The ease with which a passage can be read and understood.See Legibility. 可读性 整段文字的容易阅读及理解的程度。参阅清晰性。 Reader (1) An abridged term for "proofreader" who checks proofs for accuracy.See Proofreader. (2)Device which can "read" from magnetic media or,in the case of OCR,from typescript. （1）校对员，（2）阅读器 （1）核对稿样，确定其正确无误的人员。参阅上文。 （2）一种能阅读磁性媒介物的装置，或在光学字符识系统内，能阅读文字的装置。 Readers'marks Short for proofreaders marks. See Proofreaders marks. 校对符号 参阅上文。 Reader'proof A galley proof used by the printer's proofreader. 毛稿样 给厂内校对员用的长条稿样。 Real time Method of computing in which operations are performed simultaneously with data input. 实时 依照输入的数据，即时进行操作折电脑运算方法。 Ream Five hundred sheets of paper in a pack. 拈 一包五百张的纸。 Receding colours The colours blue,green and violet that seem to move back.Also called Cool colour or Cold colour.See Advancing colour. 后退色 视觉上有后退的颜色，如蓝，绿和紫。亦称冷色。参阅前进色。 Reciprocating roller On a printing press,the roller in an inking system or damping system which moves laterally from time to time across the width of the other rollers to distribute the ink or damping solution more evenly.Also called Vibrator.Distributor.See Distributing roller, Damping system. 摆动辊 在印刷机上的滚墨或润湿系统内的滚辊：它在其他滚辊间，除转动外，还不时的作左右横向移动，使油墨或水份槽液分布得均匀。参阅分布辊，润湿系统。 Reciprocity effects Reciprocity effects are the experimental observation that equal exposures do not produce equal photographic images (density and contrast) if the time of exposure is unusually long or short and the amount of illumination is correspondingly weak or strong.. 倒易效应 从实验观察，若曝光时间极长或极短而相配合的照度是极弱或极强，则相等的曝光并不产生相等的摄影影像（如密度及对比）。这个情况，称为倒易效应。 Recognition memory In an OCR device,the ROM which holds the pattern characteristics of the particular range of founts which the machine is programmed to read. 识别贮记器 在光学字符识别装置内，贮存着一定数量的字款的唯读贮记器。这些字款已纳入程式，可以阅读。 Recover A computer operating system command used to recover damaged or deleted disc files. When a file is deleted,only its reference in the disc index is removed.Provided the user has not attempted to write new data to the disc,the "Recover" command may be used to resurrect such files. 复元 电脑操作系统指令，用来使磁碟上损坏或删去的档案时，只是磁碟上的对照索引被取消。若使用者并没有尝试写入新的数据，“复元”指令可用来使这些档案恢复原状。 Recovered fibres See Recycled fibres. 再造纤维 参阅下文。 Recto Book pages bearing odd page numbers.See Odd pages. 奇数页 带有单数页码的书页。参阅上文。 Recycled fibre Secondary fibre from retree,broke or other pager waste as opposed to virgin fibre from trees.Also called Recovered fibres,Secondary fibres. 现造纤维 从次等纸，损纸或其他废纸所得的二次纤维，有别于从树木所得的首次纤维。 Recycled paper Paper made from pulps consist mainly of recycled fibres. 再造纸 用含有大量再造纤维的纸浆制成的纸。 Reducers A medium added to thick printing ink to make it thinner and suitable for printing. 调节剂 加入浓及稠的油墨内，使它稀化，适合印刷的媒介物。 Reel A roll of paper used in web or ortary printing presses. Synonymous with Web. 纸卷 应用于卷筒纸机的一卷纸。亦称卷筒纸。 Reel up After printing at a web press,the process of rewinding the paper into a reel. 回卷 在卷筒纸机印刷后，把纸回绕成卷的情况。 Reel-fed Method of feeding in web printing.Synonymous with Web-fed. 卷筒纸给纸 卷筒纸印刷的给纸方法。 Reel-stand The unit housing a reel of paper at the feed end of a web press. Multi-colour,multi-effect machines may have up to three reel-stands feeding paper simultaneously.The printed webs are brought together in the folder,and are folded together. 卷筒纸架 在卷筒纸机的给纸部份，放置纸卷的单位。多色，多效能的印刷机，最多可设置三个纸架，同时给纸。印刷后的纸，集中于折纸部份，一起折叠。 Reference marks Numerals,letters,or symbols used to direct the reader from the text to a footnote or other corresponding note.Symbols are the most common,when in use,the order is as follow: 参照符号 在需要引证处和相对的注解前所用的数目字，字母或符号。使用符号，最为普遍，它们的使用顺序如下： Refiner A machine for fibrillation of fibres during paper making.There are cone type and disc type of refiners. See Beater. 精磨机 造纸时，把纤维帚化的机器。有锥型和圆盘精磨机。参阅打浆机。 R -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refiner mechanical pulp Pulp made by passing wood chips through a refiner.Midway in quality between "stone ground-wood mechanical pulp" and "thermomemechanical pulp". 精磨木浆 把木片经精磨而造成的纸浆。它的品质介乎磨木浆和热法磨木浆之间。 Refining In paper making,after the dry pulp has been mixed in a hydrapulper,the process of roughening the outside of the fibre to increase bonding capabilities in a refiner. 精磨 造纸时，干的浆在水力碎浆机内混和后，在精磨机内，把纤维的外表磨擦起毛，以增加连结能力的方法。 Reflectance The relative amount of reflected light of a surface.May be expressed in percentage. 反射度 一个表面的相对反射量。可用百分率表达。 Reflection The changing of the direction of the path of light ray by means of a surface. 反射 借一个表面，把光束的路线改变的情况。 Reflection copy (Reflex copy) Copy viewed by its reflected light.e.g.a photograph,a painting,etc. 反射稿 从反射光观察的原稿。例如相片，图画等等。 Refuse On wet-on-dry printing,the condition where the over-printed ink do not adgere well on the earlier printed ink.Possible cause would be crystallisation or sweat back of the earlier printed ink. 拒墨 在湿墨印于干墨时，叠印的墨不能妥善的粘附于先印染的墨上的情况。可能是先印的墨晶体化或有墨汗而引致。 Register (1) In colour printing,positioning of colours accurately to form a "single image".Loose register is that in which tight juxtaposition is not mecessary. In close register,the colour areas meet precisely.It also means the exact adjustment of pages back to back in printing the second dide of a sheet. (2) A special storage space in a computer where small amounts of data are held for operation in the near future. （1）套准（定位），（2）寄存器 （1）彩色印刷时，把多个颜色准确的套准，成单一个印纹。套准表示颜色并不需要紧密的并列一起。精密套准则表示各个颜色范围要准确的相接触。亦指在印书版的反面时，把书页和正面位置对正。 （2）电脑的特别贮记部份，用来贮存小量即将使用的数据。 Register marks Marks,often a cross in a circle,in the same relative position on films or plates to enable correct positioning to be achieved. 套准（定位）记号 通常是一个十字加圆圈的标志，放在有关菲林或印版的相对位置上，方便套准。 Register pins Pins which locate in holes made by a punch in a punch register system.See Punch register system. 定位圆钉 应用于打孔定位系统内的圆钉，它套入由打孔机打出的孔洞。参阅打孔定位系统。 Register punch Precision punching device used in a punch register system. 定位打孔机 应用于打孔定位系统内的精密打孔机。 Relative humidity The amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere at a given temperature expressed as a percentage of saturation at that temperature.Standard testing conditions for paper are 23 degress C and 50% r.h. 相对湿度 在某一温度下，空气中实有的水汽和同温度的空气在饱和时应有的水汽的比较，用百分率表示。测试纸张的标准环境是摄氏23度，相对温度50%。 Relief A variarion of elevation in embossing,a raised effect of the images is obtaimed. 凸纹 由浮凸压印造成的不同程度的隆起层次，使印纹有浮凸效果。 Relief printing Any Printing method using a raised image area.Ink is applied to the raised surface and then transferred to paper.Relief printing includes letterpress,flexography and letterset,etc. 凸版印刷 使用起凸的印纹施印的任何方法。在凸起的印纹表面上墨，然后转印纸上。凸版印刷包括活版，胶版（柔性版）和干柯式等。 Remote Located away from main plant or,in the case of technical equipment,having no direct dlectronic link with the main processing plant. 遥距的（远程的） 在主生产线外的装置，又或在科技仪器方面，并无用电子直接和主处理机接驳的情况。 Remote diagnostics The checking and rectification of a computer program or database by remote access through a telephone link rather than by attendance on site. 遥距诊断 用电话接驳，作遥距接触，把电脑程式或数据库修正或检查的方式。 Removable cartridge disc (Removable disc pack) A disc system in which hard discs,contained witrhin protective cartridges,may be removed from and replaced in suitable disc drives.See Disc pack. 活动磁碟组 由一个保护匣盛载的一种硬碟系统。它可从相配合的磁碟驱动器内拆除及装回。参阅磁碟组。 Repeat ghosting A printing fault by letterpress or offset in which a faint image outline seen in solid or half-tone areas caused by ink starvation,that is,uneven ink distribution of the plate inkers.Better known as Mechanical ghosting. 重复鬼影 活版印刷及柯式印刷的一种印刷故障：因版墨辊缺墨或分布不均匀，造成实地或半色调上面有着一个浅色影像轮廓。常被称为机械鬼影。 Reprint (1) Subsequent printing of the first edition of a publication. (2) Printing of part of a publication for promotional or editorial use. （1）再版，（2）翻印 （1）跟著出版物的初版，再次印刷的情况。 （2）为了推广或因编者之需要，把出版物的部份，再次印刷的情况。 Repro Short for Reproduction.See Reproduction. 复制 参阅下文。 Repro pull See Reproduction proof. 复制用稿样 叁阅下文。 Reproduction (1) A copy of an original,especially arts. (2) Process of reproducing.For example:printing is a method of reproduction. （1）复制品，（2）复制 （1）仿效原作品，特别是美术方面的一个制作。 （2）指复制的整个过程。例如印刷，它是复制的一个方法。 Reproduction proof A proof taken from type for subsequent reproduction. 复制用稿样 从活字版上压印所得的稿样，作随从的复制工序用。 Reprographics (Reprography) General term for electrostatic printing,diazo process,or any other form of short-run duplicating and printing. 复印术 泛指用静电印刷，重氮晒印或其他形式的少量复制和印刷的方法。 Resident fount In laser printers ,founts which are suppiled by the manufacturer.Also known as Internal fount. 常用字款 在激光印字机内，由制造商供应的字款。亦称内置字款。 Residue coating Very fine layer of surface coating lift by incomplete processing in the non-image area of an offset plate,and which will cause scum when the plate is printed. 残留涂剂 柯式印版，因冲版过程处理不善，非印纹地方留下薄薄的涂层的情况。在印刷时，它会造成浮污。 Resin coated paper (RCpaper) A photographic high cintrast paper used on phototypesetters.The paper substrate is coated on both sides with water-impermeable resin which carries an light sensitive emulsion on one side.These papers possess good dimensional stability and storage qualities.They need less processing time and are faster drying. 树脂涂面相纸 高反差的照相排字用相纸。纸蕊的两面涂上防水树脂，再于其中一面涂上感光乳剂而成。这些纸具良好尺寸稳定性和可以久存的优点；此外，它的冲片时间较短和快干。 Resins Viscous,sticky organic substances exuded from trees.Used as a binder in ink and paper making.Soluble in alcohol and used as varnishes. Natural resins are rosin and shellac. Synthetic resins are organic compounds which have been chemically nodified ([polymerised).Examples are polythene,PVC,and polypropylene. 树脂 从树中渗出的粘性流动有机物质。在制造油墨和纸时，用作结合剂。。溶于洒精，作清漆或光油用。天然的树脂是松香和虫胶。人造树脂是把有机化合物用化学方法改变（聚合化）而成。例如:聚乙烯，聚氯乙烯和聚丙烯。 Resist A coating used to inhibit the action of the acid when etching a printing plate. 抗蚀膜 当腐蚀印版进，用来防止酸的腐蚀的涂层。 Resolution Measurement of image fineness stated in lines per cm or lines per inch (lpi),dors per cm or dors per inch (dpi),or pixels per cn or pixels per inch (ppi) as produced by a lens or created by an output device such as a scanner,imagesetter,laser typesetter,or laser printer. 解像度 用每厘米线数或每寸线数；每厘米点数或每寸点数；和每厘米像素数或每寸像素测定由镜头，或输出装置如扫描机，图文影排机，激光排字机或印字机所造成的影像的精密程度的方法。 Resolving power The ability of an objective or phorographic material,etc. to reproduce sharply and separately of fine subject elements.Resolving power is measured in lines per mm,and is deternined using a test target consisting of alternating parallel light and dark bars as an artificial subject. 解像力 镜头或照相物料，能够把十分精细的景物作清晰和有层次的复制的能力，解像力可用由粗幼交错的间隔平等线组成的测试指标测定。 Restore An operating systen command to restore to a fixed disc a file or group of files that have been stored on floppt disc by a backup operation. 重新贮存 电脑操作系统指令，用后备操作，把贮存于软碟上的一个或一级档案，重新贮入一个固定磁碟上的情况。 Retarders Printing ink additives which extend the ink's open time on press. 延缓剂 油墨的添加剂，它延长油墨在印刷机上的开放时限。 Reticulation The ink contracted into a pattern of fine beads,often occurred when a wet film of ink is printed on to a previously printed ink film which has dried to a smooth glossy finish or due to complete incompatibility with the substrate.See Crawling. 网状故障 当湿墨叠印于平滑光亮的干燥墨层上时，或油墨与承印物料不能相容时，常常发生的油墨起成小泡，形成网状图案的情况。 Retocuhing Correcting a photographic print or transparency before reproduction. The purpose is to remove blemishes, or to treat particular subject areas to improve the final effect. 修片 复制前，把相片或幻灯片修正的情况。目的是把缺点消除，或把某个主题范围的效果改善。 Retree Slightly damaged paper sold at a reduced price and often marked "xx"".See Broke. 次纸 略有损坏的纸，它以较低价钱出售，并在馐上印上“XX”标志。参阅损纸。 Returns Unsold stocks returned by a bookseller with the publisher's prior agreement. 退书 书商和出版社预先协议，退回卖不出的书。 Reversal film Contract film with the same positive and negative values as the original,that is ,.black is reproduced as black.Also called Autopositive film,Direct duplicating film. 反转片 有着和原稿相似的浓、淡色调的复片用菲林。即是，黑色部份复制成黑色。亦称直接正片菲林。 Recerse image An image in which lines and areas normally black become white,and vuice versa. 反像 影像的线条和画面，从天堂的黑色变成白色，白色变为黑色的情况。 Recerse indent See Hanging indent. 缩排 参阅上文。 Reverse leading In a photosetter,the moving of film or paper "backwards"to achieve certain typographical requirements. 反向行隔 照相排字机把菲林或相纸向后移动，以配合进行一些排字要求的情况。 Reverse reading Synonymous with wrong-reading.See Wrong-reading. 反读 参阅下文。 R -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reversed out In printing,refers to types or drawings that drops out of the background and assumes the colour of the paper. 反白 在印刷方面，指把字体或图形当作背景而“退地”，现出纸的颜色的情况。 Review copy A copy of a book sent to a newspaper or magazine for reviewing. 书评用书 送给报纸或杂志作评论的书。 Review slip Enclosure slip sent with a review copy describing the book and giving its publication details. 书评单 附在书评用书上的传单，它简述该书内容及它的出版细节。 Revise A second or subsequent proof with corrections made from previous proof. 再校稿 照上次校稿的改正，再作校对的稿样。 Rheology The science that study the flowing property of liquids. 流动学 研究液体流动特性的科学。 Ribbon cable Flat plastic coated cable in which the lines lie parallel to each other. 带式电缆 在一组平等排列的电线，加上胶套而成的平坦电缆。 Ribbon folder Web press folder which cuts web into ribbons for folding.See Former folder. 带式摺叠器 卷筒纸印刷机上的摺叠器。纸张先切开成带，然后摺叠。参阅三角板摺叠器。 Rice paper A non-fibrous sheet made from starch.It is thin,soft and reanslucent,used mainly for candy wrapping. 米纸 用淀粉造的无纤维纸张。它薄身柔软和半透明，多用来包裹糖果。 Rider roller In the inking system of a press,the roller which is put on top another roller or rollers and not driven,it rotates with the roller in contact and serves to assest the breaking down and distributing the ink.see Disteibution rollers. 骑压轴 在印刷机的滚筒系统内，放于其他墨轴上面，没有动力的轴。它因接触其他有动力的墨轴而旋转，作用是辅助研磨和分布油墨。参阅分布轴。 Right side In paper-making,the top side or felt-side of paper.See Felt side. 正面 在造纸时，纸张向上的上面，或接触毛布的一面。参阅毛布面。 Right-angle fold Refer to folds that are at right-angles to each other.See Parallel fold. 直角摺 纸张的一摺和前一摺成直角的摺法。参阅平行摺。 Right-grain Refers to a book in which the grain of the paper is running parallel to the spine of the book from head to tail.This grain direction is pregerred. 直纹 指书页的纸纹方向是从天头到地脚，和书脊平行。书页的纸纹，以直纹较为可取。 Right-reading film When facing rhe film's emulsion,if the image is readable, it is a right-reading film.A right-reading megarive film is required for making letterpress printing plate.See Wrong-reading film. 正读菲林 面向菲林的感光膜时，若影像可以读出，则上正读菲林。不然则是反读菲林。制活版印刷用的电版，需要正读负片菲林。参阅反读菲林。 Rigid disc See Hard disc. 硬碟 参阅上文。 Ring binding A form of loose leaf binding in which two or more rings pass through punched holes at the edge of the paper.See Loose leaf binding. 铁环装 是活页装的一种。它用两个或以上的铁环，穿过在纸边打孔的纸张。参阅活页装。 RISC RISC is the acronym for "reduced instruction set computing".It is the techniques use in personal computer to reduce the amount of instruction and so increasing processing speeds.The concept is that most programs generally use only a few instructions,and if those basic instructions are made to execute faster,performance is increased . 精简处理 英文是“减少指令组的电脑处理”的字首字。是个人电脑用来减小指令和加快处理速度的一种技术。概念是因大多数程式只使用少量指令，若这些基本指令能快速的执行，则可啬它的效能。 Rivers Undesirable visual effect on a text page in which bands of white lines seen down the page caused by large word spacing. 川流 因字词间空白过多，造成英文书页内文出现从上向下的白色条子的不良视觉效果。 Roll Synonymous with Reel. 纸卷 参阅上文。 Roll Synonymous with Reel. 滚轴涂布 用滚轴把涂层涂上纸面的情况。 Roll coating Coating aplied nto paper by rollers. 滚轴涂布 用滚轴把涂层涂上纸面的情况。 Roll wrapping Rollng a magazine to wrap paper around it for mailing. 包卷 把杂志卷起，用纸包裹，然后邮寄的情况。 Roll-out Hand-rolled ink on paper or glasto spread it and to determine the colour or other characteristics of the ink. 研墨 在玻璃或纸面上，用手扒墨轴，把墨研散，以确定它的颜色或其他特性。 Roll-up The process of inking a plate with a roller. 滚墨 用墨轴把印版上的印纹加上油墨的情况。 Rolled Paper glazed by rolling. 压光 用滚辘把纸磨光的情况。 Roller streak A heavy colour line or lines across rhe printed sheets occurred on rhe image areas,caused by the plate inkers set too hard against the plate.The plate inkers lowered a little as they are passing rhe cylinder ga,then strike the leading edge of the plate and bounce,producing a streak on trhe roller that is transferred too the plate.See Gear streak. 墨辘痕 因版墨辘轳压在版上的力过重，在横过的纸面的印纹上造成的一条或多条线条。原因是版墨辘经过版圆筒的缺口时，下降少许，更着便装向版头而弹起，造成一条墨痕，这墨痕传往版上，造成墨辘痕。参阅墨条痕。 Roller stripping An offset term denoting that the ink does not stick to the mjetal ink rollers on the press.Possible causes might be too much damping solution or too much gum arabic. 墨辘脱墨 柯式印刷用术语。指机上的金属墨辘不能著墨水的情况。可能的成因是水槽液过多，或亚拉伯胶过多。 Roman numerals Roman litters used as numerals.Such as: 罗马数字 用罗马字母作数目的情况。例如下： Roman type (1) A general term used to describe any typeface with serifs. (2) Any "upright"typeface as distinct for italic.Kmown as Plaim or Normal in DTP systems. （1）罗马字体，（2）正体 （1）广义名词， 指任何有折线的字体。 （2）除 体外，任何[直立]字体。在桌面出版系统上，[正体]这个术语，英文有多个叫法。 Root directory In computing,the maim or "top" directory in a hierarchical file strucure. 根目录 在电脑方面，根目录是依档案结构层次而排的主要或最高的目录。 Rosin A type of matural resins and is an important component in paper-making size. 松香 是一种天然树脂，并且是造纸用胶的一种主要成份。 Rotary press A press with two cylinders,one for impression while the other carries the plate.Paper is printed as it passes betweem them.It may be a sheet fed press or a web fed press. 轮转式印刷机（轮转机） 采用两个圆筒的印刷机；一个是施压的圆筒，另一个则是装载印版。纸张的圆筒经过两个圆筒而 压印。轮转机可以是 张纸机，也可以筒纸机。 Rotational viscometer A gruop of viscometers that use a rotational action to obtain reading for finding viscosity of more pasty like liquids such as offset inks.There are many types,typical of which are coaxial cylinders and cone-and-plate. 旋转式流阻度器（旋转式粘度计） 流阻度计的一个类别，它用旋转动作，获取数据作计算一些较稠液体如柯式油墨等的流阻度，属这个类别的流阻度计的多种，典型的是[同轴圆筒]和[平板圆锥]。 Rotogravure Gravure printing on rotary web press. 卷筒纸凹版印刷 采用轮转式的卷筒纸凹版印刷。 Rough (Rough layout) A full size but unpolished layout to see the exact proportion and arrangement of design elements.See Comprehensive layout,Thumbnail sketch. 粗略设计图 是一个未经修饰的原大小设计图。它显示元素的排列和比例。参阅详细版面设计图、草图。 Recersed out In printing,refers to types or drawings that drops out of the background and assumes the colour of the paper. 反白 在印刷方面，指把字体或图形当作背景而“退地”，现出纸的颜色的情况。 Review copy A copy of a book sent to a newspaper or magazine for reviewing. 书评用书 送给报纸或杂志作评论的书。 Review slip Enclosure slip sent with a review copy describing the book and giving its publication details. 书评单 附在书评用书上的传单，它简述该书内容及它的出版细节。 Revise A second or subsequent proof with corrections made from previous proof. 再校稿 照上次校稿的改正，再作校对的稿样。 Rheology The science that study the flowing property of liquids. 流动学 研究液体流动特性的科学。 Ribbon cable Flat plastic coated cable in which the lines lie parallel to each other. 带式电缆 在一组平等排列的电线，加上胶套而成的平坦电缆。 Ribbon folder Web press folder which cuts web into ribbons for folding.See Former folder. 带式摺叠器 卷筒纸印刷机上的摺叠器。纸张先切开成带，然后摺叠。参阅三角板摺叠器。 Rice paper A non-fibrous sheet made from starch.It is thin,soft and reanslucent,used mainly for candy wrapping. 米纸 用淀粉造的无纤维纸张。它薄身柔软和半透明，多用来包裹糖果。 Rider roller In the inking system of a press,the roller which is put on top another roller or rollers and not driven,it rotates with the roller in contact and serves to assest the breaking down and distributing the ink.see Disteibution rollers. 骑压轴 在印刷机的滚筒系统内，放于其他墨轴上面，没有动力的轴。它因接触其他有动力的墨轴而旋转，作用是辅助研磨和分布油墨。参阅分布轴。 Right side In paper-making,the top side or felt-side of paper.See Felt side. 正面 在造纸时，纸张向上的上面，或接触毛布的一面。参阅毛布面。 Right-angle fold Refer to folds that are at right-angles to each other.See Parallel fold. 直角摺 纸张的一摺和前一摺成直角的摺法。参阅平行摺。 Right-grain Refers to a book in which the grain of the paper is running parallel to the spine of the book from head to tail.This grain direction is pregerred. 直纹 指书页的纸纹方向是从天头到地脚，和书脊平行。书页的纸纹，以直纹较为可取。 Right-reading film When facing rhe film's emulsion,if the image is readable, it is a right-reading film.A right-reading megarive film is required for making letterpress printing plate.See Wrong-reading film. 正读菲林 面向菲林的感光膜时，若影像可以读出，则上正读菲林。不然则是反读菲林。制活版印刷用的电版，需要正读负片菲林。参阅反读菲林。 Rigid disc See Hard disc. 硬碟 参阅上文。 Ring binding A form of loose leaf binding in which two or more rings pass through punched holes at the edge of the paper.See Loose leaf binding. 铁环装 是活页装的一种。它用两个或以上的铁环，穿过在纸边打孔的纸张。参阅活页装。 RISC RISC is the acronym for "reduced instruction set computing".It is the techniques use in personal computer to reduce the amount of instruction and so increasing processing speeds.The concept is that most programs generally use only a few instructions,and if those basic instructions are made to execute faster,performance is increased . 精简处理 英文是“减少指令组的电脑处理”的字首字。是个人电脑用来减小指令和加快处理速度的一种技术。概念是因大多数程式只使用少量指令，若这些基本指令能快速的执行，则可啬它的效能。 Rivers Undesirable visual effect on a text page in which bands of white lines seen down the page caused by large word spacing. 川流 因字词间空白过多，造成英文书页内文出现从上向下的白色条子的不良视觉效果。 Roll Synonymous with Reel. 纸卷 参阅上文。 Roll Synonymous with Reel. 滚轴涂布 用滚轴把涂层涂上纸面的情况。 Roll coating Coating aplied nto paper by rollers. 滚轴涂布 用滚轴把涂层涂上纸面的情况。 Roll wrapping Rollng a magazine to wrap paper around it for mailing. 包卷 把杂志卷起，用纸包裹，然后邮寄的情况。 Roll-out Hand-rolled ink on paper or glasto spread it and to determine the colour or other characteristics of the ink. 研墨 在玻璃或纸面上，用手扒墨轴，把墨研散，以确定它的颜色或其他特性。 Roll-up The process of inking a plate with a roller. 滚墨 用墨轴把印版上的印纹加上油墨的情况。 Rolled Paper glazed by rolling. 压光 用滚辘把纸磨光的情况。 Roller streak A heavy colour line or lines across rhe printed sheets occurred on rhe image areas,caused by the plate inkers set too hard against the plate.The plate inkers lowered a little as they are passing rhe cylinder ga,then strike the leading edge of the plate and bounce,producing a streak on trhe roller that is transferred too the plate.See Gear streak. 墨辘痕 因版墨辘轳压在版上的力过重，在横过的纸面的印纹上造成的一条或多条线条。原因是版墨辘经过版圆筒的缺口时，下降少许，更着便装向版头而弹起，造成一条墨痕，这墨痕传往版上，造成墨辘痕。参阅墨条痕。 Roller stripping An offset term denoting that the ink does not stick to the mjetal ink rollers on the press.Possible causes might be too much damping solution or too much gum arabic. 墨辘脱墨 柯式印刷用术语。指机上的金属墨辘不能著墨水的情况。可能的成因是水槽液过多，或亚拉伯胶过多。 Roman numerals Roman litters used as numerals.Such as: 罗马数字 用罗马字母作数目的情况。例如下： Roman type (1) A general term used to describe any typeface with serifs. (2) Any "upright"typeface as distinct for italic.Kmown as Plaim or Normal in DTP systems. （1）罗马字体，（2）正体 （1）广义名词， 指任何有折线的字体。 （2）除 体外，任何[直立]字体。在桌面出版系统上，[正体]这个术语，英文有多个叫法。 Root directory In computing,the maim or "top" directory in a hierarchical file strucure. 根目录 在电脑方面，根目录是依档案结构层次而排的主要或最高的目录。 Rosin A type of matural resins and is an important component in paper-making size. 松香 是一种天然树脂，并且是造纸用胶的一种主要成份。 Rotary press A press with two cylinders,one for impression while the other carries the plate.Paper is printed as it passes betweem them.It may be a sheet fed press or a web fed press. 轮转式印刷机（轮转机） 采用两个圆筒的印刷机；一个是施压的圆筒，另一个则是装载印版。纸张的圆筒经过两个圆筒而 压印。轮转机可以是 张纸机，也可以筒纸机。 Rotational viscometer A gruop of viscometers that use a rotational action to obtain reading for finding viscosity of more pasty like liquids such as offset inks.There are many types,typical of which are coaxial cylinders and cone-and-plate. 旋转式流阻度器（旋转式粘度计） 流阻度计的一个类别，它用旋转动作，获取数据作计算一些较稠液体如柯式油墨等的流阻度，属这个类别的流阻度计的多种，典型的是[同轴圆筒]和[平板圆锥]。 Rotogravure Gravure printing on rotary web press. 卷筒纸凹版印刷 采用轮转式的卷筒纸凹版印刷。 Rough (Rough layout) A full size but unpolished layout to see the exact proportion and arrangement of design elements.See Comprehensive layout,Thumbnail sketch. 粗略设计图 是一个未经修饰的原大小设计图。它显示元素的排列和比例。参阅详细版面设计图、草图。 R -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rough proof Proof for identification rather than reading. 粗稿样 只用来辨认，不作校对的稿样。 Round-corner A finishing process in which the cormers of sheets of paper or board are made to a round shape by the use of a round-corner cutter. 圆角 是一种完成加工方法。用圆角机把纸或棋逢对手纸的角，切成圆形的情况。 Round-pile feeder A feeder used by some folding machines.It is a continuous feeding device which feeds from a rounded pile as distinct from a conventional feeder which feeds from a flat-pile. 绕纸式给纸器 一些折纸机用的给纸器。它把纸张绕成环形而连续不断的给纸，有别于惯用的平纸堆给纸器。 Rounding and backing Shaping a book so the back is curved and the formation of a shoulder against which to fit the cover boards.See Backing. 圆脊及起膊 把书脊两弯曲成湖性，并把两旁压成肩膊，以安装书皮纸版。参阅起膊。 Routine A sequence of computer instructions designed to produce a specific result. 例性程式 为达致某一特定结果而设计的一系列电脑指令。 Routing Cutting away non-printing areas of a relief printing plate,especially a stereotype or rubber plate.A"router" is a high-spead ,hand-guided tool ,very much like a drill. 钻版 把凸版印版，特别是铅钻版和橡胶版的非印纹部分削去的情况。钻版机是一部用手引擎的高速工具，和电钻很相似。 Royal A Brish paper size,508 x 636 mm(20 *25 inches),still in use after the introduction of A sizes. 王室度 在A度能上能下进后，仍然使用的英制印刷用纸度，尺寸是508*636毫米（20*25寸）。 Royalties Payments made to an author for every book sold,usually calculated as a percentage of the published price for home sales,and as a percentage of met receipts for overseas sale sales. 版税 卖出每一本书所付予作者的款项。通常，本销用发行的百分率计，外销用纯收益的百分率计。 Rub-down lettering (Rub-off type) Synonymous with"transfer type ","pressuresensitive letrtering ".See Transfer type. 擦帖字 参阅下文。 Rub-out Computer code signifying "null" and used to delete. 擦去 表示“无效”的电脑代码，用来作取消用。 Rub-proof ink Ink with good abrasion resistance . 耐擦墨 不容易磨损的油墨。 Rubber blanket The material used to wrap round the blanket cylinder in an offdet press.It receives the images from the plate and transfer them to the paper.There are many types of rubber blanket,such as "hard',"medium","soft"and "air cushioned",etc. 胶布 在柯式印刷机上，用来包裹胶布圆筒的物料。它承接印版上的印纹，然后转印在纸上。胶布分别有硬身，半软硬，软身和气垫等多种。 Rubber cement Adhesive used for pasting-up. 橡胶胶水 拼帖用的粘结剂。 Rubber plate A type of plate for flexographic printing.Ir is a type of duplicatinf plate by moulding. 橡胶版 是一种胶版 印刷用的印版 。它是用模造式制成的一种复制版。 Rubbing up Inking an offset plate image by applying the ink with a sponge or cloth using a circular rubbing action while the plate is moistened. 上墨 柯式印版，版面湿润后，用海绵或布块以打圈磨擦方式在印纹上加墨的情况。 Rule A line used for a variety of typographic effecrs,including bouders and boxes.Rules are in different thiickness called weights and are measured in points. 线 用来使排字效果有不同变化的条子。它包括线杠和花边。线有不同粗细，以“点”为量度单位。 Rule-up sheet The drawing of lines in accordance with a grid system on a sheet taken from the press to check the correctness of margins of the pages. 版位校样 从印刷机取一张印张，依照规定格式，画出页边空白，用来核对印版的集团是否正确。 Ruled-paper paper with horizontal lines for writing. 单行纸 有着横线的书写用纸。 Ruling machine Machine for drawing rules on paper.There are pen ruling and disc ruling machines. 画线机 在纸上画上线条的机器。有笔画线机和碟画线机两种。 Run (1) To start a computer program working. (2) Number of copies printed. （1）运行，（2）印数 （1）使电脑程式开动运作。 （2）需要施印的数量。 Run in To set type with no paragraph breaks or to insert mew copy without making a new paragraph.Synonyomous with'run on". 接排 不分段的排字，或加插新稿而不另起段落的情况。 Run length encoding One of the technoques used in the data compression of illusteration scan files.Run lengtrh encoding identifies and ligs runs of 0's or 1's,so reducing the amount of data that needs to be stored or transmitted. 运行长度编码 应用于图形和扫描档案的一种数据压缩技术。运行长度编码分辨和记录“0”和“1”的运行数。这样，可减少要贮存或传送的数据。 Run on (1) To continue a text without a paragraph or line break.Synonymous with "run in". (2) To continue to print copies after tstated quantity has been completed. （1）接排，（2）加印 （1）不分段，接续上文的排法。参阅上文。（2）在基本印数完成后，加印的印张。 Run on costs The costs,normally expressed per thousand copies,of continuing to print without stopping the printing machine beyond a stated quantity.Thus,the costs of 5000 copies plus 1000run on copies. 加印价 在注明印刷数量外，不停印刷机，继续加印的价格。通常是以每千份若干计算。例如：印五千份，另加印一千份的价格。 Run out Output film or bromide from a phototypesetting machine. 曝光片 从照相排字机输出的菲林或相纸。 Run over Copy, continued from a story in the main editorial section of a newspaper or magazine, but was placed on other section at the back. 跳页 报纸或杂志，稿件从内文主题部分跳转后面其他部分，继续刊登的情况。 Run through Ruled lines run across or down the sheet from one edge of the paper to the other without breaks. 通栏画线 画线时，线条从纸的一边画到另一边，或从纸头画到纸尾而不中断的情况。 Run-around Type in the text that set around a picture or other element of design. Also called Text Wrap. 文绕图 内文字围绕着图形或其他设计元素而排的情况。 Run-of-paper/-press/-print(ROP) In newspaper, magazine,and similar work, colour printing carried out at the same time as the main run. For example, when newspapers publish several regional editions, advertisers may choose to advertise in selected location, in this case, "pre-print" would be required; or in all location, that is, run-of-paper. See Preprint. 全量发印 在报纸或杂志等印刷品，彩印部分连同内文一起施印的情况。例如：当报纸在多个地区发行时，广告客户可选择在某些地区刊登其广告；这时候，就需要作“预印”。若将广告刊登于所有地区，则是“全量发印”。参阅预印。 Runnability Ability of paper to be printed without problems. It is a measure of good print produced over a given time not taking into account the make ready time and any nonpaper down time. 走纸性 纸张在印刷时的畅顺程度。即是在一固定时间内，印出完善印张的数量。这段时间是扣除校机时间和非因纸张故障而引致停机的时间。 Running foot Similar to a running head, only at the bottom of the page. A running foot is more common place in magazines than in books. Also called Footer, Footline. 书脚 它和书眉相似，只不过排在版心之下。杂志采用书脚的款式较书本为多。 Running head (Running headline) A headline repeated at the top of each page, containing the title, or divisions of the work, such as chapter titles, or date of issue. In book work: the book title appears on the left, the chapter title on the right. Also called Header. 书眉 每个版面上，在版心上端，加印书名，篇，章或出版日期的字行。在书本方面，书名放在左边书页，章节名放在右边书页。 Running order (1)Set of notes indicating the order of events in a production. (2)List of the contents of a printed work to guide the printer in his imposition. 运作次序 （1）说明生产程序的一份备忘录。 （2）说明印刷品的内容的明细表。它引导印刷人员作装版编排。 s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Saddle stitch A common, inexpensive way of binding pamphlets and booklets if they are not too thick (usually less than 3 mm). The pages are bound together by thread or wire inserted through the spine, or folding line, and into the cintre spread where they are clinched. As wire or thread may be used for the stitching, thus saddle stitch may be saddle-wre stitch or saddle-thread stitch.Howeever, great majority of works use wire, therefore, the term "saddle stitch" would mean using wire for the stitching. To use thread, it must be so specified. 骑马订 用线或铁丝穿过小册子各页的屈折处或书脊，把各页扣紧， 订在一起的装订方式。它不太厚（通常不超过三毫米） 的小册子的经济和常用方法。因为可以用线或铁丝的关系，所以有骑马线订或骑马铁丝订的方式。但是， 绝大部份的小册子，采用铁丝；因此，[骑马订]是指用铁丝；用线者，则要特别说明。 safelight A red light used in a darkroom to provide enough light for work. The red light does not affect most of the photographic materials used for reproduction. 安全灯 使黑房有足够照明的红灯；它方便工作，但并不影响一般的照相制版用物料。 Sample pages Representative pages typeset according to specifications and layout to show what a job will look like, or to show the promised quality of the finished product. 版面样本 依照指定的排字格式和版面设计排成的一份版面样本例子。它预示印件的完成面貌或将会连至的效果。 Sans serif A typeface without serifs and constructed from strokes of nearly uniform thickness. 无视线字体 并无视线的字体，它的书刊由差不多同一粗细的线条组成。 Satellite machine A design of multi-colour printing presses in which a number of printing units radially positioned round a large common impression culineder. 卫星式印刷机 多色印刷机的一种设计。各个印刷单位围绕着一个公用压力圆筒的外边而成。 Saturation One of the three characteristics of colour. It is the strength or amount of the colour present in a hue. Also called Intensity, Purity. See Chroma. 饱和度 颜色三特性之一。它表示某个色相的色彩强度。亦称色量， 纯度。参阅彩度。 Save The operation of storing data on disc or tape. 贮入 把数据贮存在磁带或磁碟上的情况。 Sawn-in sewing Style of sewing where cuts are sawn into the spines of the sections to take the cords which are sewn with the sections.Also called Sunk cord sewing. 锯坑线订 线订装的一种 款式。用锯在书帖的脊背上锯浅坑，铺上粗绳，然后用线缝接。亦称藏绳锁线订。 Scaling The process of calculating the percintage of enlargement or reduction of the size of original artwork to be enlarged or reduced for reproduction. 缩放比例 复制原片时，计算原稿放大或缩小至某一尺寸所需的百分率。 Scanner An equipment that converts photographic or hand-drawn original into digital data. An OCR machine is a form of scanner which converts typed or printed text into digital data. 扫描机 把书稿或相片转为数码资料的机器。光学文字识别 机是扫描机的一种，它把打字字体或印刷字体转为数码资料。 Scoring To mechanically indent a line on paper to facilitate folding. Also called Creating. 压折机 用机械方式，在纸上压上凹下的线条，方便屈折。参阅上文。 Scratch-board Material for scratch-board drawing. A claycoated cardboard covered with black ink. By scratching and scraping into the black ink, it is possible to produce wood-engraving effects as well as black and white reverse effects. 版刻书板 作纸刻书用的材料。一块厚纸板，面上涂上染料泥层；把墨泥刮去，可造成反白圆形效果。 screen (1)Short for half-tone screen.Other than the conventional cross-ruled screen, there are many special effect screens. For example:linen screen, mezzotin screen, wood grain screen, etc.See Half-tone screen. (2)The surface of a cathode ray tube upon which information can be displayed. (1)网片,(2)萤幕 (1)半色调网片的简称.除惯用的十字线网片外，还有很多特殊郊果的纲网片。例如：麻布纹网片；沙粒色调网片；木纹网片等。参阅半色调绸片。 （2）用来预示信息的隐含射线管的表面。 Screen angle The angle between the direction of lines or dot elements and the horizontal. Different screen angles are required tor different colours so that the coloured dots do not superimposed to produce black.The screen sngle for cach colour are so chosen to avoid the creation of undesirable moire pattern. In process colour p, rinting, for example, the screen angles might be:105 degree for cyan, 90 degree for yellow, 75 degree for magenta and 45 degree for black. 网角 黑子元素或网线方向与地平线所造成的角度。四色彩印，不同颜色需用不同网角，否则，各色的网点重叠，成为黑点。各色所运用的网角，还需要避免产生讨厌的撞网图案。四色彩印所用网角的一个例子：青蓝105度；黄色90度；洋红75度；黑色45度。 Screen angle indicator A protractor with many co-centre circles. When placed over a half-tone film or print, indicates by a halo, the screen angle of the half-tone. 网角指示器 是一个带有很多同心圆的量角器。把它放在瘗半色调底片上，现出圆晕，指出该半色调的绸线角度。 Screen determiner(Screen finder) A piece of plastic or film, drawm with radiated lines, which, when placed over a half-tone, indicates by a star pattern, the screen ruling of the half-tone. 网线测量器 是一片有放射式线条的胶片或菲林。把它放于半色调图片上，现出星状图案，指出该半色调图片所用的网线数目。 Screen printing A printing method that uses a porous material as the stencil,Ink is manually or mechanically forced by means of a squeegee through the stencilled fabric or metal wire screen stretched over a frame.This method is extremely good fot decals,p-osters, or point-of-purc- hase displays that require a thick layer of ink on any material.Also called Serigraphy. 网印 采用有孔的物料作镂空版印刷的方法。把布线物或金属丝织成的网，张于一个架上，印纹留空，用人手或机器操作胶刮，把墨从孔中强压穿过，完成印刷。这种方法，可以在任何物料上印上厚的墨层，特别适合印制贴花纸，海报或推销展示品等。 Screen ruling The number of lines per cm or per inch on a screen.The greater the number of lines, the finder the printing will be.Depending on the printing process and printing substrate, different screen ruling are used.For example, 70 lines per cm(175 lines per inch)or 801/cm(200 1/in) are common screen ruling for offset printing on coated paper. 网线数目 网片上，每厘米或每时内的线条数目。线条越多，印刷品越精细。运用不同的网线数目，多视乎所用的印刷方法和印刷物料。例如采用粉纸，柯式印刷，常用的网线是70线每厘米（175线每时）或线每厘米（200线每时）。 Screen positive Projecting a continuous-tone negative through the half-tone screen on film, a half-tone positive is produced.See Half-tone positive. 网点阳片 用连续色调阴片作射印，光线经半色调网片，然后投射于菲林上，造成网点阳片。参阅半色调阴片。 Screened print A print made from a half-tone negative. A screened print can be used for paste-up and reproduced as line copy. 网点相片 用半色调阴片照印的相片。网点相片可以放于拼贴上，当作线条稿复制。 Screened tint A pattern of dots designated by their percentage of coverage(10%-90%)used for producing an illusion of tone.See Tint. 网点淡色 利用网点圆案和错觉，造成淡色。色调浓淡，以网点所占面积的百分率（10%-90%）表示。参阅淡色。 Screening (1) In paper-making, the process of filtering pulp before refining. (2) In graphic riproduction, the process of turning a continuous-tone copy to a half-tone. (1)筛选，(2)网点化 (1)造纸时，在精磨前，把纸浆过滤的情况。 (2)照相影版时，把连续调原稿转为半色调的情况。 Scribed lines Lines scratehed into the emulsion of negative film. They will print as black rules. 刮线 在底片乳剂上刻书的线条。它将会印成黑色线条。 Script A class of type designed to look like handwriting, either formal (resembling pointed-pen writing) or informal (resembling brush-writing),and available in different weights.Commonly used in announcements, invitations, certificates and stationery, etc.See Cursive. 草体书 英文印刷字体的一个类别。它的设计像书法；有严谨的（似钢笔书法）和随便的（似毛笔书法），并有不同的粗细笔划。常用于排印声明，请柬，证书和信纸等。 Scrolling A method of moving text vertically unto and out of the display area of a VCD and which can be stopped anywhere for closer scruyiny. 展放 上下移动萤幕上现示的文字的方法；可以随意在某处停下， 以便细看。 SCSI SCSI is the acronym for"small computer system interface". Pronounced "scuzzy".It is an industry-standard interface between computers and peripheral device controllers, used by the Mackintosh as well as other computers. SCSI provides high-speed access to peripheral devices. 小型电脑系统接驳器 英文是［小型电脑接驳器］的字首字。它是工业标准的接驳器，原用于［卖健陶］和其他类型电脑。用它接外围设备控制器，存取资料，速度极高。 Scuff resistance A characteristic of inks, used for packages, which must stay bright and appealing in spite of shipping and handling. 耐擦性 包装印刷所需的油墨特性。因为包装品即使经过处理和船连，仍须保持光泽和色彩。 Scum Trace of ink adhere to the non-image area of an offset plate due to its inability to tepel ink caused by poor desensitization or insufficient supply of damping solution. 浮污 柯式印刷的非印纹部分沾上墨的情况。是因为润湿液不足或消感处理不善，使非印纹部份不能拒墨所致。 Search and rdplace A facility for editing and correcting text matter provided by any word processing program. A word or group of words to be searched and its replacement can be specified and the computer will then carry out this instrucyton automatically. Also called Find and replace. 查索及替换 一般方字处理程式都提供的编辑及改正内文设备；只要说明搜查的字或词和它的替换，电脑便自动执行这个指令。 Second-generation phototypesetter A computer aided phototypesetting system using flash tube as the light source and a rotating film matrix for exposing the film or paper. 第二代照排机 电脑辅助的照相排字系统。它用闪光管作光源，把旋转中的菲林字母板上的字体影排队于菲林或相纸上。 second-level heading Second in number, and importance, of a series of headings in a book. 次标题 书内的系列标题， 无论以重要性或次序计，都是次要的。 Secondary colours Colour produced by mixing two primary colours. For example: orange, violet and green in art; red (magenta plus yellow), blue (cyan plus magenta ) and green (yellow pous cyan ) in printing. 二次色 由两个原色混合而成的颜色。例如：美术方面的橙，紫和绿色；印刷方面的红（洋红加黄）， 蓝（青蓝加洋红）和绿（黄加青蓝）。 Section A folded sheet of paper consisting of four or more pages to form part of a book. 书贴 由四页或更多的书页组成的一个折叠，成为书籍的一部份。 Section mark The fourth reference mark for foot-notes. see Reference marks. 章节号 脚注用的第四个参照符号。参阅参照符号。 Section sewing To fasten the sections of a book together by passing thread through the centre fold of each section. This can be done manually,with or without the use of tapes or cords; or by means of sewing machine.See French sewing, smyth sewing. 连贴琐线 用线穿过每帖中间屈折处，把各帖缝接一起的方法。可以用手工，加带或绳，一起缝接；或用锁线式缝接。参阅法国式线装，机器锁线。 Sector Sbdivision of a track in a magnetic disc that can be addressed by a computer. See Disc storage. 区份 磁碟上，轨道再行分开的部份；它可以让电脑子写上地址。参阅磁碟贮存。 Sector mapping A method of speeding up disc access time. If sector addresses are recorded sequentially the operating system will have to wait for the disc to complete a revolution before the next can be accessed. The spreading of sector addresses around the disc gives the operating system time to process each before the next reaches the read-write head. 区分替换 加快磁碟存取资料的方法。若顺序的记下区份地址，则操作系统要等候磁碟完成一回转，方可接续。把区份地址分散于磁碟上，操作系数便有足够时间，在读写头到达另一区份前，逐个地址处理。 Security paper Paper incorporating features, such as water marks, etc, which make counterfeiting difficult. 保密纸 有着难以仿制的特征，如水印等的纸张。 Security printing The printing of such materials which have an intrinsic cash value such as bank notes, stamps, credit cards, etc. or the printing of materials which is not in itself valuable, but contains information which might be, such as public examination papers, etc. 保密印刷 印制有价物品，如纸币，邮票，信用卡等；或印制某类物品，其本身并无价值，但因其内容需要保密者，例如公共考试的试卷等。 See through see Look through. 迎光检查 参阅上文。 Self cover Cover of a booklet made of the same paper as the text pages. 书页纸封面 小册子的书皮和内文，用同样纸张。 Self-adhesive paper Paper with adhesive backing, mainly used for label printing. 自粘纸 纸底有粘性的纸，常作印制标签用。 Self-ends First and last pages of a book block used as end papers. 自衬页 书心的首页和尾页作衬纸用有情况。 Self-mailer Printed piece designed to be folded and mailed without an envelope. 邮简 可以不用信封，折叠后便可付邮的印刷品。 Semiconductor Material used in the construction of transistors, diodes and photo-electric cells. 半导体 应用于制造晶体管，二极管和光电池的物料。 Sensitivity guide A strip of film with graded density used to control exposure and develoment of film or plate.See Grey scale.step wedge. 感光导表 有着分级密度的菲林条子；用来控制菲林或印版的曝光或显影时间。参阅灰尺，梯尺。 Separation See colour separation. 分色 参阅上文。 Separation negative The negative produced by colour separation. 分色阴片 分色后所造成的阴片。 Sepia tone A print, of brownish colour, produced by an addition treatment during development, Used for old-fashioned effects or for copying very old photographs. 深褐色调 相片在显影过程中，经过加工处理而得的深褐颜色。是需要古典风格或复制古典相片时用。 Sequential access Reading or writing items in computer memory in a prescribed order. Magnetic tape is a form of sequential access.See Random access. 顺序存取 按固定次序，阅读或记下资料的情况。磁带是顺序存取的一种。参阅即时存取。 Serial communication see Serial tranamission. 串联通信 参阅串联传送下文。 Serial interface An interface that is only able to pass information in serial form. See Serial transmission. 串联接驳器 只能用顺序形式作传送的接驳器。参阅串联传送。 Serial port The connection for serial interface. 串联插口 连接串联接驳器的插口。 serialn printer One which prints a single character at a time. Different from "line printer" which prints one line at a time. 串联印字机 每次印出一个字符的印字机。有别于每次印出整行的行印机。 Serial to parallel converter A device that converts the sequential input from a serial transmission device and passes it on via the required number of parallel lines. 串联转并联变流器 从串联传送装置的顺序输入转为所需的并联线数，然后传送的装置。 Seral transmission Data communications method in which each component bit of a character is tranamitted in sequence down the wire, and is then reassembled with its fellows on arrival.See Parallel tranamission. 串联传送 数据通信的方法；它把组成字符的各个数元，在一条线路上，顺序连续传送，到达后，把它们再组合还原。参阅并联传送。 s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Serif The short cross -lines at the beginning and end of the main strokes of certain type faces. Originally, the beginning or finishing strokes of the pen. 衬线 在一些印刷字体的主要笔划两端的短横线。它本来是书写的起笔或收笔的笔势。 Serigraphy A term used by artists to mean "screen printing",See Screen printing. 网印 英文是美术家用的名词。参阅上文。 Server a computer in a network that is shared by multiple users. 服务机 在网络中，由很多用户一起使用的电脑。 Service bureau An organization that provides data processing and time-sharing services to its customers.It offers a wide variety of software packages, as well as customized programming.Customers pay for storage of data on the system and processing time used. 服务中心 为顾客提供数据处理及分时服务的机械。它供应大量不同类型的组装软件，并为顾客编写专门程式。顾客则友付数据贮存费和所占用的处理时间。 set (1)The horizontal dimension of type. It refers to a fount of type and is used to determine the set width of individual characters.The set is divided into units so that Roman characters which are of different width may fake up the space proportionally.For normal type design and for Chinese characters, the set is the same as the type size. . For condensed type,the set is small than the type size, 10 pt set.Similarly, the set of extended (expanded) type is larger than the type size.See set width. (2)Refer to the stage of ink after printing on the substrate that a hard top layer formed to allow over-printing and would not set-off.Differint from "dry" which is the stage that the ink film has turned to a complete solid. （1）字宽，（2）凝结 （1）印刷字体在地平线方向的尺寸，字宽是指整套字的，用来决定个别字符的字阔。字宽被分为很多份，每份为一单位，以便按比例分配给不同阔度的罗马字符。一般的字体设计和中文字体，字宽等于字大小。窄身字体的字宽，则小于字大小； 例如12点字10点字宽。同样的，阔身字体的字宽则大于字大小。参阅字阔。 （2）指印刷后，油墨在承印物的表面上的情况； 这时候，它形成一层硬的表面，不会反印，并容许叠印。凝结有别于干燥，干燥指整个墨层变成固体的情况。 Set flush To set matter “full out" or without indenting. 齐边排 字行不缩排，且占整行阔度的排法。 set solid Lines of type set without leading. 密排 字行间，不加行隔的排法。 Set width The width of an individual character measured in unit.see Set. 字间 以单位计的每个字符的宽度。参阅字宽。 Set-off The undesirable transfer of ink from one printed sheet to the back of the next sheet at the delivery. The causes would be running with too much ink: the ink is slow setting or the delivery pile too high. 反印 在收纸部，印墨从印张转印到另一张纸的底部的不妥善情况。原因可能是墨量过多；使用凝结缓慢的墨水；或收纸部纸堆过高。 Setup time The time requited to ready a job to run; or to load a program, or load and ready input/output devices, etc. 校械时间 使一件工作开始生产的时间；或装入一个程式的时间；或安装输入/输出装置，使它可以使用的时间。 Sewing See Side sewing and Section sewing. 线装 参阅线装平订和连贴锁线。 Sewn case cover Binding process in which section sewn signatures are fastened to a case. Distinct from Perfect case binding. 硬皮线装 装订方法之一；它把锁线订后的各帖，装入封壳内，有别于胶脊精装。 Sewn soft cover A method of binding in which section sewn signatures are fastened to a paper cover.. 软皮线装 装订方法之一；它把锁线订后的各帖，装入纸书皮内。 Sexto A size of paper obtation by sub-dividing a broadsheet into six parts. Used to describe book size. Abbreviated to "6to". 六开 把原张纸分为六等份大小的尺寸。用来表示书本大小。英文可用简写[6to]。 Shade The alteration of a colour by adding black.Contrast to Tint.Referring to ink colour, shade is often used as an alternate term for "hue".See Hue. 暗色（色相） 任何颜色加入黑色所造成的色调变化。是[淡色]的相反。在油墨颜色方面， 常作[色相]一词使用。参阅色相。 shaded watermark watermark with opaque rather than tranaparent appearance. 暗调水印 有着遮光而并不是透光现像的水印。 Shadows Dark parks in a photograph, their density is 1 or above; or a half-tone represented by 75%-100% dot sizes. See high-light, middle tones. 暗部 相片的黑实部份；它的密度是非1或以上。在半色调图片内，网点大小是百分之外70至100间的部份。 参阅光部，中间色调。 Shank The body, or the part between the "face" and "foot", of a piece of type. 字身 字粒的身体，即字面与字脚间的部份。 Shared file One that can be accessed by two or more systems and which may be used to provide a means of communication. 共享档案 可由两个或以上的系统存取资料的档案，它可以作为通讯的一个方法。 Sharp Photographic and printing term for describing the perfectly defined detail in an original, negative, and reproduction. 清晰 摄影和印刷用词语，指在原稿，底片或复制品上的各样细节，都完整的显现出来。 Sharpen a decrease in the size of the half-tone dots or the thinning of stroke of type characters. 削弱 网点的面积减少或字体笔划变幼的情况。  更多文章
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