专业词汇 |
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印刷科技词汇大全（2）
发布时间：2011-7-16 21:36:00|| 点击：12844次|| 文章分类：专业词汇|| 发布人：翻译家(Fanyijia.com)
Bromide
Photographic light-sensitive paper coated with silver bromide, used in photographic reproduction or phototypesetting,producing a positive image. Also used loosely to refer to other light-sensitive photographic papers. 相纸（溴素纸） 用溴化银涂面的光敏性相纸。复制照相或照相排字等阳图制作用。亦泛指其他光敏性照相纸张。 Bronzing Process for obtaining a metallic printed effect such as gold. It is first printed with an adhesive ink and the bronze powder is then dusted on by hand, or by a bronzing machine. 扫金 用来获得金色印刷效果的方法。先用粘性油墨印刷，然后用人手或机器撒布青铜粉末。 Brownprint(Brownline) Also known as Vandyke or brownline.A term mainly used in America for proofs produced by contact. See Blueline. 棕稿样 美国惯用的术语，指用接触晒印造成的稿样。亦称云棣稿样。参阅蓝稿样。 Bruising A grey or mottled effect, most noticeable in coated papers. It is a paper defect caused by undue heat or pressure in the calendars. 瘀痕 在粉纸上特别显著的灰色或斑点状情况。这是砑光机上的过度热力或压力所造成的纸张故障。 Brunner system A system for offset print quality control introduced by Felix Brunner of Switzerland.This system has been accepted as a standard in Europe. 宾纳系统 瑞士菲力宾纳所推行的柯式印刷品质管制系统。这个系统被认可成为欧州标准。 Brush coating Method of coating a web of paper where the coating mix is distributed by a set of stationary and oscillating brushes. 手刷涂布 在纸卷上加上涂层的方法。用一套固定和摆动毛刷把涂剂均匀的分布。 Buckle folding Method of folding sheets of paper where the sheet is bent or buckled by a metal plate. See Knife folding. 栅栏式折页（梳式折页） 用金属栅栏把纸张弯曲屈折的方法。参阅刀式折页。 Buckram A strong fabric made of jute, cotton or linen, glazed and stiffened by size or glue used for book covers. 书面布 一种结实的布。用黄麻，棉或亚麻造成。上光和加胶使表面挺实。作书皮用。 Buffer A temporary storage area for information. Buffers may be used to hold material awaiting input to a computer or output to a peripheral device. Often, a buffer is needed to compensate for differences in speed of two interconnected devices. 缓冲器 临时性的贮记器，用来贮存等待输入电脑或输出往外围设备的资料。通常在接驳两个设备时，就需要它来补偿两者间速度的差别。 Bug A defect that prevents a computer or program from operating correctly. 故障 防碍电脑或程式正常操作的故障。 Built-up letter Graphic term for a letter which is first drawn and filled in after. 绘描字体 美术设计名词。指先勾描字体轮廓，然后填色。 B -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bulk Paper term used to describe the degree of thickness of paper. Measured by Caliper or Volume in U.K. or Pages per inch (ppi) in America. 厚度 纸张术语。描述纸张的厚薄程度。英国用纸厚或厚度量计算。美国用每页数（PPI）计算。 Bulking index American paper measurement of bulk formed by dividing the thickness of a sheet (in inches) by its basis weight, or the inches of thickness per pound of basis weight. 厚度指数 美国量度纸张厚度的一个方法。是纸的厚度（寸）除以纸的基重（磅），亦即是每磅纸的厚度（寸）。 Bulking number American paper measurement of the number of sheets that bulk to 1 inch in thickness under standard pressure. Multiply bulking number by 2 to give pages per inch (ppi). 厚度号数 美国量度一寸内有多少张纸的方法 。是在标准压力下一寸厚的纸张页数。把这个数字乘2，就是每寸页数。 Bullet Phototypesetting term for a large dot used to organize unnumbered lists or for ornamentation. 圆点 照相排字术语。用来排列没有数字次序的项目的大圆点。亦可作装饰花图用。 Bulletin One of a sequence of reports issued at intervals, or a one-time-only notice printed as a single leaf, folder, or booklet. 公报 定期出版的连续性报告或一次过的公报。它可以是单张，折页或小册子。 Bulls eye Printing defect caused by paper dust or ink skin adhered to the image on the plate holding the inkers away thus forming a white circle around it. Also called Hickey. 白环 印刷时由于纸粉或墨膜粘附版面所引致的故障。它托离墨辘，使其周围没有着墨，造成白环。 Bump exposure Method of increasing highlight contrast when producing a half-tone by removing the screen briefly to remove any dots in the highlight area. 无网曝光 是增加半色调图片的光部对比的方法。摄制时把网片除下作短时间曝光使光部的网点消失。 Bundling The tying together in bundles of the folded sheets of a book. Machines called bundlers are used to exert pressure upon the sheets to squeeze the air out to produce compact bundles. 捆书 把折叠后的书页捆扎成束的操作。这个操作可用捆书机，它的压力挤出空气，使书页紧密成束。 Burin A pointed engraver's steel tool used for cutting. 雕刻刀 雕版专用的尖钢刀。 Burn Platemaking term for an exposure. 晒印 制版术语。指曝光的意思。 Burnish Bookbinding term for the finishing of the edges of a book with a burnishing tool to impart a polished surface. 磨光 装订术语。用磨光工具把书边打磨光滑。 Burn-out mask A mask of solid areas to protect portions of a previously exposed plate when exposing a second time to eliminate unwanted work. 消版用遮片 它是整片实地，遮盖印版首次曝光后需要保留的部份。再次曝光，就把不要的印纹消去。 Burst A paper defect.Rupture of a paper web due to one of a variety of causes,e.g. the reel being too tightly wound or air trapped into the reel when winding. 破裂 纸张故障。纸卷破裂有很多原因：例如收卷太紧，或收卷时把空气困在纸卷里等等。 Burst binding A form of unsewn adhesive binding where the back of the sections do not have to be cut off but are "burst' or punched along the spines thus giving extra adhesion between sheets as well as sections to each other . 破脊胶装 无线胶装的一种。它不用把帖脊切去但沿着脊部把书帖戳破或钻孔，使书帖间、书页间有额外的胶粘。 Burst factor A measure of the Bursting strength of a paper. It is the average bursting strength for a paper of particular substance. 耐破因数 量度纸张耐破裂强度的值。它是某种纸张在某个定量下的平均耐破度。 Burst index Another measurement of paper bursting strength. It is the absolute bursting strength of a paper divided by its substance. 耐破指数 纸张耐破度的另一种量度。它是绝对耐破度除以定量的数值。 Bursting strength The strength of a paper to resist a uniformly distributed pressure under test conditions. It may be express in kg/sq.cm,Burst factor or Burst index. 耐破度 在测试情况下，纸张能承受的最大平均压力。以公斤每平方厘米计。亦可以用耐破因数或耐破指数表达。 Bus A circuit or group of circuits which provides an electronic pathway along which information is transmitted within computer. Buses connect computer devices, such as processors, input and output devices, etc. 总线 一个或多个电路造成电子通道，使信息在电脑内传送。总线连接电脑设备：如多个处理机，输入及输出设备等等。 Butter paper Another term for greaseproof wrapper. Such paper are specially made to resist the passage of grease and to serve as barriers. 黄油纸 防油包装纸的另一个名称。它特别制造，用作障碍层，防止油脂透过。 Buttery ink A printing ink which is short, high viscosity but not tacky. It may be stirred, but the knife or other implement is inclined to cut its way through, leaving channels which will not readily close up. 黄油状墨 指墨丝短，流阻度高但粘度低的墨。它可以搅拌，但墨刀或其他工具逆向把它割开，而并不立即流合。 Byte Computer term for a group of bits (usually 8) treated by the computer as a single unit of information. A byte is the smallest unit of processing in any computer architecture. In phototypesetting systems, a byte often contains a single character or code. 字节 电脑术语。指一组的数元（通常8数元为一字节）被电脑当作一单位的信息处理。一字节是电脑结构里的最小作用单位。在照相排字方面，一字节包含一字符或一代码。 c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C sizes Seris of sizes for envelopes in the ISO range. To accommodate stationery in the A series sizes. C 度 国际标准范围内的信封尺寸系列：以容纳Ａ度系列的书信文件。 Cabinet An enclosed rack for holding cases. See Composing cabinet. 字柜 一个围密的架，用来放置英文字盘。参阅排版台。 Cable caxting The transmission of programming, data, or other software by a CATV (Community Antenna Television) system. 电缆播送 用一个［公共天线电视］（ＣＡＴＶ）系统把程式、数据或其他软件传送的方法。 Cable paper Strong papers, manila or strong sulphate furnish, used for wrapping or insulating individual wires in cables. Buff shade, or made to specified tints for identification.Supplied on reels and coils; occasionally available in sheets. Essential features are caliper, furnish, pH, and freedom from pinholes and metal particles. 电缆纸 结实纸张，配料是马尼拉麻或浓硫酸盐木浆。用作包装或隔离电缆的各单条电线。淡黄色，或造成特定的淡色，以供识别。有卷筒装和线圈装，间中亦有单张供应。它的主要特点是纸厚、配料和酸碱值；没有孔眼和金属微粒。 CAD Acronym for Computer-Aided Design. ＣＡＤ 是［电脑辅助设计］。英文是一个字首字。 Cai Lun A Chinese eunuch and prominent court official of the East Han Dynesty who invented papermaking in AD 105, His method was to beat materials containing cellulose fibre to a pulp which was then dilued with lots of water and drained through a form of sieve. The fibres matted together and when dry formed paper. 蔡伦 东汉朝代的宦官。他在公元１０５年的时候发明造纸术。他的方法是把含有纤维素的物料捶打成浆，然后混和大量水份，再把水份筛去，留下的纤维互相纺织，干后成为纸张。 Caking The building up of non-transferred ink on rollers, plate, or in offset, also on blanket. Paper debris (fluff, dust ) is a cause for caking, but the most common cause is over pigment of the ink or the inability of the vehicle to hold the pigment in suspension. The loss of solvent in the vehicle by evaporation increases the ink tack, when it reaches such a strength to pull off a little more paper coating with each successive impression, caking on the plate or blanket will occur. Also called Piling. 堆墨 东汉因为传送不良的关系,在印版上或墨轴上积聚起来;柯式印刷更可能积聚在胶布上.纸屑(纸毛、纸粉）是引致堆墨的一个原因；但是油墨颜料混悬还是常见的原因。油墨的粘度因展色剂的溶解挥发而增加。当粘度达到一某一强度时，每次压印就会轻微的剥去纸面涂层，造成堆墨的情况。 Calender A set or stack of cast-iron rollers, resting on one another in a vertical bank at the end of the paper-making machine. The paper passes through all or some of thes rollers to increase the smoothness and gloss of its surface. See Super calender. 砑光机 一副或一座铸铁轴组，一个叠一个的垂直排放在造纸机的末端，以增加表面平滑和光泽。参阅超级砑光机。 Calendered paper Paper to which a smooth finish has been imparted by its passing through the calender at the end of the paper-making machine. 砑光纸 穿过造纸机末端的砑光机，作了光滑润饰的纸。 Calf Superior leather made from the skin of young cattle used in book binding. 小牛皮 制成供书籍装订用的优质皮革。 Calf cloth An imitation leather binding material. 冲皮布 仿效皮革的装订用材料。 Calf paper Heavily coated stout substance paper made to imitate calf leather, used for end papers and covers; sometimes in embossed finishes. Sometimes supplied gummed for seals, labels, etc. 冲皮纸（仿革纸） 纸质坚韧，涂层特厚，用来仿效小牛皮革的纸。间中加上浮凸润饰作裱纸和书皮用；在时加上胶底，作由纸、标签等用。 California job case A kind of type case which accommodates both upper and lower case letters. 加州碎件字盘 英文铅字字盘的一种它盛载着大写和小写英文字母。 Caliper (1) The thickness of a sheet of paper or board, measured with a micrometer and usually expressed in thousandths-of-an inch or in microns. (2) A device to measure the diameter or thickness of a piece of work. "Outside calipers" are used for measuring external sizes, and "inside calipers" for measuring internal sizes. （1）纸厚，（2）测径器 （1）一张纸或纸板的厚度。用测微讲师度，通常以千分之几寸或微米为单位。（2）量度工件直径或厚度的一种工具。“外测径器”用来量度外边的尺寸；“内测径器”则量度内部的尺寸。 Call A programming instruction that invokes a subroutine. 调用 是程式设计的指令；用它召唤“子例行程式”。 Calligraphy Art of hand writing or script drawing. 书法 书写字体的艺术。 Calling card Small size board usually around A8, with name etc., sent or left in lieu of formal visit. Also called Visiting card. 名片 约A8度的纸板，载有姓名等。访候时，把它送往或留下，当作正式拜访。亦称名刺。 Cam A device for converting circular or rotary motion into reciprocating motion. It is a disc or collar with an irregularly shaped edge, which operates in contact with a rod or lever, and causes it to oscillate, or to move to and fro. 凸轮 把旋转动力转为往复力的机件。它是一个不规则形的圆碟或圆环，和一个杆或棒连接运作，使它上下或往来摆动。 Cameo A die-stamping process in which the lettering or design stants up in relief. 浮雕 使字体或设计凸起而有斜面的模型压印方法。 Camera back The back of the process camera which normally comprised of a hinged film back and ground glass. The film back holds the photographic material usually by means of vacuum. 相机背 制版照相机的后部，它通常包括有铰链接合的菲林架和磨砂玻璃片。菲林架多采用真空，把菲林定着。 Camera copyboard That part of a process camera on which copy to be photographed is placed. Frequently it has a hinged glass cover to hold copy flat, and may have a removable section in which a transparency holder can be positioned for back-lighting illumination. 相机稿架 制版照相机的一部份，用来放置即将被摄影的稿件。一般都备有铰链着的玻璃盖面，以把稿件夹平。有些更可以换上透明片架，在后面打灯照明。 Camera extension The length of bellows in a process camera. It is the distance between the lens diaphragm and the image plane. 相机伸长度 制版照相机的暗箱长度。即是镜头光圈与影像平面之间的距离。亦称像距。 Camera work The photographic operations which precede the platemaking steps in printing. 复制照相 印刷过程中，制版前的照相操作。 Camera-ready artwork Artwork or paste-up that is ready for reprophotography. See Artwork. Also called Camera-ready copy. 正稿 作复制照相用的评述稿或拼贴。参阅上文。 Camera-ready copy See camera-ready artwork. 正稿 参阅上文。 Candela Unit of luminous intensity of a light source. It is defined as 1/60 of the luminous intensity per square centimetre of a black boky radiator at the temperature of solidification of platinum. Symbol: cd. 烛光 光源发光强度的单位。一烛光是一个黑色国辐射物体在白金凝固的温度下每平方厘米所发出光度的1/60。符号是cd。 Canvas Thick book-binders' cloth having greater durability than ordinary cloth but not so strong as buckram. 帆布 美装订用的厚布。较普通的布耐用，但不及“书面布”的结实。 Cap line The top framework line for constructing the capital letters. Many designs choose that the axcender line to be their cap line as well. 大写顶线 英文大写字母架构的顶线。很多字体设计用上升笔划作为大写字母的顶线。 Capital Capital letters of the alphabet. Also known as Cap or Upper-case. 大写 英文字母的一种写法。 Capital height The space taken up by the capital letters of a type face. It is the distance between the base line and the ascender line or cap line. Because of difference in design, types of equal size may have different capital height. 大写高度 英文字体内，大写字母所占的高度窨。是从基线到大写顶线或上升笔划线的距离。同一字大小的字体，因设计不同，会有不同的大写高度。 Caps A contraction of capitals, meaning upper case characters. 大写 英文是缩写字。参阅上文。 Caps and lower case Capitals and lower case letters, i.e. words which begin with capitals and have the other characters in small letters. Indicated as cap/lc or c & lc. 大写配小写 英文字的起首字母用大写，其他则用小写。“排字指示”用cap/lc或c&lc表达。 Caps and small caps Two sizes of capital letters on one typeface, the small caps occupy the same x-height space as the lowercase letters. Used whenever using all caps are over powering. Indicated as c&sc.. 大写配小型大写 英文字体内，同一字大小的两个不同高度的大写。小型大写的高度等于小写字母的“X长”。“排字指示”用c&sc表达。 Caption The description acconpanying a photo or illustration, which explains or identifies the content. 图片说明 随同插图或相片的描述文字；它解释或说明图片的内容。 Carbolic paper Imprignated paper for packing products subject to deterioration from fungi or to attack by insects. 石碳酸纸 浸染石碳酸的纸；用来馐易于发霉或受虫蛀的产品。 c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Carbon An element having the ability to combine its atoms in long chains and in rings; this allows a great variety of compounds to be formed, many of which are found in plants and animals. 碳 一种能将它的原子结合成长链状或环状的元素；因此可构成许多不同的化合物，而多数存在于动植物体内。 Carbon arc lamp See Arc lamp. 碳精弧光灯 参阅弧光灯。 Carbon black A fine, intensely black pigment obtained by burning natural gas or oil with restricted air supply. Used in the manufactrue of ink. 碳黑 在缺乏空气的情况下，燃烧天然气或油产生的一种细面极黑的颜料。用来制造油墨。 Carbon ink This type of ink aims at achieving the same type of copyability as carbon paper. It is used when only a patch of carbon is required instead of the overall sheet for copying. The ink is printed letterpress from either a cold or a heated press from rubber, metal or plastic plates. Also called Carbonising ink. 碳墨 这种墨的作用是要达到相等于使用碳纸所具有的复写能力。汉一部份需要复写而不是整张约时，用碳墨印此一小块面积是最实际的方法。碳墨用活版施印，加热与否都可以，印版是橡胶版，金属版或塑胶版。亦称碳化墨。 Carbon paper Light weight paper coated on one side with transferable colouring agent for producing copies by impression on to an underlying sheet. 碳纸（复写纸） 轻身的纸张，其中一央涂上可以转移的色剂，在压力下，它的色素转传下面的纸上，造成副本。 Carbon tissue A thin paper coated with gelatin, plasticizers and pigments used to transfer the photographic image from film to a gravure plate or cylinder. It is exposed to strong light through a gravure screen to produce what will be used as a resist for etching the gravure plate or cylinder. 碳素纸 表面涂上明胶，塑料和颜料的薄纸。用来把菲林上的影像转移到凹版版片或圆筒上。用强光经凹版网片在它上面曝光，造成抗蚀表面；在腐蚀版片或圆筒时用。 Carbonising ink See Carbon ink. 碳化墨 参阅碳墨。 Carbonising tissue Tissue coated with a mixture of wax and pigment for carbon papers. Made in white, blue and black; substance down to 7.5 g/sq.m. 碳化薄页纸 薄纸上涂上蜡和颜料的混合物，作来制造碳纸。有白、蓝和黑三种颜色；纸质轻于7.5克每平方米。 Carbonless copy paper A sheet coated on one or two sides with microscopic capsules containing chemicals that mix and react with each other when they are burst by the pressure of a pen, typewriter or computer printer to give a blue or black image. Normally the top sheet is coated on the back, the middle sheets on both sides and the bottom on the front only. Types are also available in which the two capsules are found in one sheet so that they can be used with normal Bank and Bond papers as top sheets. Also called NCR paper. 无碳复写纸 纸张的一面或两面涂上一层微粒胶囊；各层胶囊藏着不同的的化学剂，当胶囊受到笔写或打字的压力而破裂时，化学剂就会混合而产生黑色或蓝色影像。通常，面纸的涂层在底；中间页则两面都有涂层；底纸的涂层在面。亦有一些是把两种胶囊混合，涂于同一纸面上。这样，普通的高级打字纸或书写纸也可以用作面纸。 Card (1) A term generally used in Hong Kong to indicate a range of thick paper or paste board for various purposes, such as post card, visiting card, Christmas card, box making, file making, etc. (2) Good quality cards cut to standard sizes and packed in box. Some high quality cards may even have decorative gilt edges. Use specifically for invitation, and name cards. (1)卡纸,(2)卡片 (1) 在香港,泛指一组厚身纸张或裱糊纸板.可作多种用途,如明信片,名片,圣诞卡,纸盒,文件夹等等. (2) 在英,美地区,泛指裁切成各种标准尺寸,用盒盛载的空白优质卡片.印请柬,名片等专用.一些高级卡片,更加上金边作装饰. Cardboard A general term used to descrbe a stiff, strong sheet made up of several layers of low-quality paper pasted together. 厚卡 一个普通常用词,泛指一种结实,硬身,由数张低品质纸张裱合而成的纸板. Cardinal numbers Normal sequence of numbers, one, two, three, as compared with ordinal numbers, first, second, third, etc. 基数 数字的常规次序,如一,二,三等;以别于[序数],如第一,第二,第三等. Carding The insertion of very small amounts of additional space between lines of type, generally to assist vertical justification in order to avoid an undesirable page or column ending. The name was originally derived from the placement of cardboard strips between linecasting machine slugs, to increase line spacing. In photocomposition the carding increment is a function of the minimum liading increment of the machine. 微行隔 在字行间加上很小的间隔,主要是用来调整版面的深度,以避免不理想的转栏或转版的情况.微行隔的原字义是字行间加插卡纸;是英文条式排铸时所采用的增加行距方法.在照相排字方面,微行隔是指该机器所提供的最小行隔功能. Caret Proof readers' insertion mark, indicating where the omission occurred and the insertion required. 增字符号 校对遇所用的符号，用来指出漏字所在和所需的增字。 Carriage return Key on a keyboard used to indicate the end of a paragraph on a word processor and to enter information in some computers. Adopted from typewriter terminology. Also called Return key. 换行 在文字处理机键盘上用来表示一段文字完结的键。亦有一些电脑用它作信息输入键。是采用打字机惯用词作新诠释。 Carton A corrugated box. 纸箱 用瓦通纸造成的箱。 Cartridge (1) A wide range of papers for printing and drawing. The characteristics of which are tough, opaque, with a roughish surface. A coated cartridge is a matt-coated sheet. (2) A program stored on a chip and designed for easy slotting in and out of a computer. （1）图画纸，（2）盒装 （1）一大类别的纸张，其特点是结实、不透明和表面粗糙。作印刷和绘画用。涂面图画纸是无光泽的图画纸。 （2）贮存于晶片内的电脑程式、盒装的设计是方便装卸。 Case (1) In hand composing, the sectioned wooden trays in which the type is kept. (2) In binding, the hard covers of a book prepared separately and then affix to the book block by an operation called casing-in. （1）字盘，（2）书壳 （1）手工排字用的分格木盘。它用来盛装铅字粒。 （2）装订用的硬书皮。它单独制造。然后经过“上书壳”的工序，套入书芯。 Case binding The method of producing case-bound books. Also called Edition binding. 精装 制造硬皮书箱的方法。 Casein A product of skimmed milk used for sizing and as an adhesive in the manufacture of coated papers; also used in place of albumin as a sensitizer in plate coatings. 干酪素 制造粉纸所用的胶和粘合剂；是纯牛乳制成的产品。亦可代替蛋的胶，作印版的感光膜。 Case-bound book A term used to denote a book bound with a stiff or hard cover. 精装本 结实和硬皮装订的书箱。 Case-maker A machine for the production of book cases. Also called Case-making machine. 书壳机 用来制造书壳的机器。亦称书壳机。 Case-making machine See Case-maker. 制书壳机 参阅书壳机。 Casing-in The operation of applying adhesive and combining a book block with the case. 上书壳 涂布粘合剂，然后套入书芯的操作。 Cassete (1) A light-proof container for daylight transportation of either exposed or unexposed photographic materials. (2) A term commonly used to repesent Cassette tape. （1）暗盒，（2）盒带 （1）在光照下，用来传送已曝光或未曝光感光材料的不露光盒。 （2）参阅下文。 Cassette tape A plastic cartridge which contains 1/4 inch or narrower tape, takeup reels, and a read/record head pressure pad. 盒带 一个塑胶盒，装有1/4时或更窄的胶带，收带卷轴和写读头压力垫。 Cast coated paper/board A high gloss finish on both or, more usually, one side of paper or board. Made by drying its enamel type of coating in contact with a heated drum with a chromed surface. 玻璃粉纸/咭 纸或纸板的一面经高光泽润饰后的产品，间中亦有润饰两面的。生产方法是把质的涂料层和一个加热的铬面圆鼓接触而成。 Casting The process of forcing molten metal into a mould to create a character or slug of type. 浇铸 把溶解的金属挤压出，充满到字模内，铸成字粒或字条的过程。 Cast-off (Casting-off) To estimate the number of finished pages that a given amount of manuscript will produce when set in a specific type face, size and measure. See Characters per pica method, En quad method, and Test portion method. (Note: Cast-off for Chinese manuscripts are simple and straight forward because each character occupies the same amount of space.) 版数推算 根据原稿数量，估计若采用某一字体、字大小和字行长度排版时所得版数。英文的版数推算比较复杂，参阅字符每派卡算法，半方算法和试排算法。 Cast-up To calculate the cost of composition. 排版计价 计算排版的成本。 Catch line A temporary heading by which galley proofs and so on are identified. 临时标题 用来分别各长条稿样的临时标题。 Catch-up (Catching up) A lithographic term used to indicate that the non-image areas of the plate are taking ink due solely to insufficient damping of the plate. See Scumming. 版面感染 柯式印刷的术语，指非印纹部份纯粹因缺乏湿润而上墨的情况。参阅浮污。 Cathode The negative electrode of an electrolytic cell. 阴极 在电解池内的负电极。 Cathode ray tube (CRT) An electronic vacuum tube containing a geated filament as cathode, which generates electons, an anode and multiple grids for accelerating the electrons to a flat screen at the end of the tube. There are two sets of deflector plates which can make the electrons hit any part of the screen because they are given an electric charge which repels or attracts the electrons. The screen coating is caused to fluoresce wherever the electrons strike it, giving off light. CRTs are utilized as a display in video display terminals, and as an output light source in third-generation phototypesetters. 阴极射线管 是电子真空管，它有着炽热灯丝，作为阴极，发出电子，并由阳极和多层栅极把电子加速射向管末端萤幕上；其中有两组偏向板，它们都施加电荷，排斥或吸引电子束，因此能使电子打在萤幕上任何部份。萤幕上的涂膜就依着电子的投射位置，产生萤光，发出光线。显像终端机多用阴极射线管；第三世代的照相排字机也用它作输出光源。 CC filter This is "colour correcting" or "colour compensating" filter used to modify the final overall colour lt the photograph. Filter strengths are indicated by numbers usually ranging from 05 to 50 . Filters may be comgined to give a complete range of colour correction. 改色滤片 改色滤片亦称“补色滤片”，是用来修改相片的色彩效果。滤色片有不同强度，通常由05到50。若相处的各种色彩都要修改，可将不同的滤色片，联合使用。 c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CCI Short for Computer Controlled Inking. A term used by Roland Company to describe its remote control system in printing presses. CCI 是英文字义“电脑控制墨量”的简称。“罗兰”公司用来描述它的遥控系统所用的名词。 CCR Short for Complementary Colour Removal. A method of archromatic separations by Hell Company. See Achromatic synthesis. CCR 是英文字义“除去补色”的简称。是“海尔”公司所用的一种消色分色法。参阅综合消色作用。 CD-ROM Short for Compact Disk Read Only Memory. Pre-recorded non-erasable digital data disk, used successfully for the storage of large amounts of standard information. See Optical disk, Optical digital disk. 光碟资料库 英文是[光碟只读存贮器]的简写。是预先贮入数据的数码碟;贮入后的数据不能取消.用它贮存大量的标准信息,最为妥善.参阅光碟,数码光碟. Cell (1) Indentation in the surface of a photogravure cylinder that holds the ink. (2) A device which produces a flow of electric charge, i.e. an electric current. (3) The smallest part of a plant or animal. (1)细窝,(2)电池,(3)细胞 (1) 照相凹版圆筒上用来装载油墨的低陷部分. (2) 产生电荷流动,即电流的器具. (3) 动物或植物的最小部分. Cellophane A soft, high gloss, colourless, transparent paper, used mainly for packing and decorating. It is made by means of viscose process. Passing liquid cellulose (cellulose xanthate) through a narrow slot into another liquid ( solution of sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate and zinc sulfate), the liquid cellulose will precipitate and turn into a thin transparent sheet. After desulfuring, bleaching, washing and drying, cellophane is produced. 玻璃纸 有光泽,柔软,无色透明的纸,供包装和装饰用.用粘胶法制造.把液体纤维素(黄酸纤维素)从一条狭缝喷出,进入另一种液体内(硫酸,硫酸钠和硫酸锌溶液),纤维素就沉淀而形成透明薄膜.经过脱硫,漂白,水洗和干燥后就成为玻璃纸. Cellulose A long carbon-chain polymer of glucose found in plants. Cellulose mosecules bind together to form a strong structure. 纤维素 常存在于植物中的长碳链葡萄糖聚合物.纤维素分子凝结在一起,构成坚韧的结构. Cellulose fibre Fibre obtained from plants. The basic raw material for paper making. See Fibre. 纤维素纤维 从植物中所获得的纤维.是造纸的主要原材料.参阅纤维. Cellulose gum A water soluble gum derived from wood fibre cellulose, used as a substitute for lithographic gum arabic and synthetic gums. 纤维素胶 由木纤维获得的纤维素胶;可溶于水,用来代替阿拉伯胶或合成胶. Celsius scale A temperature scale with 100 degrees between the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point, i.e. 0 equals water's freezing point and 100 its boiling point. The symbol is ºC. Also called Centigrade. 摄氏度 是温度计上的刻度.最低固定点为0,最高固定点为100; 0是水的冰点,而100是水的沸点.符号是°C. Centigrade See Celsius scale. 摄氏度 参阅上文。 Central processing unit (CPU) The main portion of a computer system that includes the circuits for interpretation and execution of instructions, and the gerformance of arithmetic functions. 中央处理机 电脑系统的主要部份，它包括控制指令的解释和执行的线路，并具备计算功能。 Centre fold Pages facng one another in the centre of a newspaper,magazine, section or a signature. Also called Centre spread. 中心大页 在报纸，杂志或一帖中间，互相对着的两版，称为“中心大页”。 Centre line A line dividing an area in two equal portions. Centre lines are usually represented by chain lines. 中线 把一个面积平分为两等份的线条。中线常用链线表示。 Centre mark A short line added to copy, a page negative, or a flat, to denote the centre of a page or form; also as a registration mark. 中间记号 加在原稿上或负片版上或大版上的短线，用来表示一版或格式的中央；亦作套正用。 Centre note Note placed between columns of a page. 中间注 放于版内两栏之间的注释。 Centre spread See Centre fold. 中心大页 参阅上文。 Centred The placement of type or illustrations in the centre of a space. 分中 把字或插图放置于一空间的中央。 Chad The small round pieces of paper waste produced during the production of punched paper tape and punch cards. 孔屑 纸带或咭在打孔时所产生的圆形纸屑。 Chain printer A high speed computer printer having characters linked together in the manner of a chain and circulating horizontally. Characters are struck by a print hammer as they pass locations where they need to be printed. 链式打印机 电脑用的高速印字机。字符连接成链状，作水平的循环绕动，当字符经过需要它的打印位置时，打印锤将此字符印到纸上。 Chaining The sequencing or linking of randomly located material by means of address information included within the stored item, which cites the location of the succeeding and/or precedig item in the sequence. 链接 把随意存贮的资料用加上地址信息的方法排在顺序或连接，并指定各个项目的先后次序。 Chalking In printing, a condition in which the pigment in the printing ink does not adhere properly to the printing surface and can be rubbed off as powder or chalk. For absorbent stock such as paper or board, it is usually caused by too thin of an ink and too absorbent of the paper. For non-absorbent stock, such as plastic film, etc.,the cause would be the wrong ink for the stock. Also called Powdering. 粉化 在印刷后，油墨不能粘稳在承印物上，很容易像粉笔的被擦去的情况。在吸收性承印物如纸张或纸板方面，通常是油墨过稀和纸的吸收性特强所引致。在无吸收性承印物如胶片等，则是使用不适当油墨所致。 Channel (1) The connection between a message source and a destination sink in a communication system. (2) A path for transmission of electromagetic signals. (3) A radio frequency band or cable segment providing a single path for transmitting electrical signals. （1）信道，（2）通道，（3）频道 （1）把资料源和目的地存放池联接的通信系统。（2）传送电子磁力信号的通路。（3）供单一线路传播电子信号的一段广播频率或部份电缆。 Chapter heads Chapter title and/or number of the opening page of each chapter. 章节标题 每章起版 时所用的名称或/和数字。 Character Any letter, figure, punctuation mark or symbol in typesetting. 字符 排字时所用的任何字母、数字、标点、和符号。 Character count To find the total number of characters and spaces in a piece of copy by counting. An indispensable step before cast-off can be done. 字数点算 用点算法计算一份文稿内的字符数量；英文则包括字间空位在内。是“版数推算”前的一个必须工序。 Character definition A term used to describe the fidelity with which alphanumeric characters are reproduced. Definition is defined by the number of line pairs or scan lines which can be produced per inch or millimeter of space. 字符清晰度 用来描述字母、数字在复制时所得的准确程度。清晰度的定义是指每寸或每毫米空间内所能产生或扫描的线条数目。 Character generation The projection of typographic images by means of digitised informations. These Techniques are used in CRT, laser phototypesetters and video display terminals. 字符传发 用数码资料投射出字体影像的情况。是阴极射线管、激光照相排字机或显像终端机所采用的科技。 Character master A photographic or digitized fount which is used to create typeset images. The term is used to refer to filmstrips, discs, and digitized founts within phototypesetting equipment. Also called Character store. 字符母片 用来产生字体影像的一副照相或数码字体。在照相排字机方面，它包括长条菲林带、圆碟和数码形式的一副字体。亦称字模库。 Character recognition Reading characters by machine, often fordigital storage. 字符辨认 用机器辨认文字和符号,作数码化贮存. Character set The full range of characters in memory, on a keyboard, or available for output from a machine. 字符集 键盘上,贮记器上或机器上所能输出的全部字符. Character store See Character master. 字模库 参阅字符母片. Characters per pica method Method of casting-off that utilizes the average number of characters per pica as a means of determining the number of pages the copy will make when set in type. To find out the characters per pica of a type face at a particular type size copyfitting tables are available for this purpose. 字符每派卡长度算法 采用每派卡长度可容纳字符数量来推算一份原稿排字后所得版数的一个方法.要找出某一字体在某字大小下,每派卡的字符数量,可以查阅[配稿字数表]. Characteristic curve A graphical expression of the functional properties of a material or a device; e.g. the exposure vs density curve for a film, or the characteristics of a transistor, photocell, etc. 特性曲线 图解方式,表达一种材料装置的机能特质.例如菲林的[曝光与密度曲线],晶体管和光电池的特性等等. Chase A rectangular metal frame in which type and blocks are locked up for letterpress printing or stereotyping. 版框 活版印刷制铅铸版时把铅字和版块锁稳的矩形金属框. Check An automatic or programmed means of testing the accuracy of information transmitted, manipulated, or stored by any unit or device of a computer. 校验 测试电脑里的任何装置或部件的信息传送,运作或贮存的准确性所用的自动或程式方法. Check bit A binary bit added to the data stream during machine verification to enable the machine to detect errors. 校验数元 使机器在校验时发觉错误的一个加在信息流内的二进制数元. Check copy A proof copy of a publication, sent to the austomer to assure that all printing and binding operations are correct. Also used as a master copy for the printer or binder. 核对本 送往顾客审核的一份出版物书样,以确保所有印刷,装订等操作正确.同时亦作印刷及装订时的参照样本. , Check digit An extra digit calculated automatically from other digits in a data item and used to check its accuracy. 校验数位 在一数据项目中的额外数位,它自动加上于其他数位中运算,以核对该数据的准确性. c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chemical fog Overall density produced by an excessive degree of development, due to unexposed silver halides being attacked by the developing solution. 化学灰雾 显影过度造成全面性增加的密度.是由于未曝光的卤化银被显影液感染所引致. Chemical ghosting A ghost image resembling that on the reverse side of the sheet appeared on a solid or halftone. This printing defect would be caused by "invisible set off".Solvent in the ink on the first side evaporated. The vapourised gas penetrated into the under side of the sheet above it causing uneven absorptio. When the paper being turn-over and print with a solid or half-tone, a ghost image would appear. See Ghosting. 化学鬼影 在实地或网点印纹上出现和纸背印纹相似的鬼影.这个印刷故障是由[无形反印]所引致.印刷第一面的油墨内的溶剂挥发;挥发气体渗入上面纸张底面,造成不均匀的吸收情况,当翻转纸张,在此面印实地或网点时,鬼影就会出现.参阅鬼影. Chemical wood pulp Pulp that is prepared from chipped wood by treating with chemicals to remove the non-cellulose material. Used in the better grades of paper called Woodfree. See Sulphate pulp, Sulphite pulp. 化学木浆 用化学方法,把木片内的非纤维素物质除去的浆.用来制造较高品质的纸,如[道林纸].参阅硫酸盐浆,亚硫酸盐浆. Chemical graining The lithographic plate surface is etched to produce a fine grain by the application of a strong acid or alkali solution. 化学磨版 用强酸或强碱溶液在平版印版的版面上腐蚀，造成幼细微粒表面。 Cheque paper A type of security paper. The body of which has been chemically treated to prevent alteration or fraudulent usage. 支票纸 是保密纸的一种，纸身经过化学处理，防止 改或欺诈性的使用。 Chill rolls Cooling rollers located after a drying oven, to cool the heated ink film causing it to set. 冷却辘 安装在干燥炉之后的一些降温辘，它使受热后的油墨冷却而凝固。 Chill tower The chill roller portion of a web press. 冷却塔 卷筒纸印刷机上装置冷却辘的部份。 China clay Material used for loading and coating in most papers. Also called Kaolin. 瓷土 多数纸张用作填料或涂剂的物料。亦称高岭土。 Chip An integrated circuit in which all the components are miniaturized and etched on atiny piece of silicon or similar material. RAMs and ROMs are a form of chips. A typical RON is about 40mm by 10mm in size, and has 28 pins or legs that plug into the computer. 晶片 一个完整的集成电路。它的全部配件微体化，蚀在一细小的硅片或类似的材料上。[随机存取贮记器]和[只读贮记器]都是晶片的一种。一个典型[只读贮记器]的大小约定40*10毫米，有28针或脚，用来插入电脑内。 Chip board A low grade board made from waste wood and paper and used in bindings. 粗纸板 装订用的次等纸板。用木屑和废纸造成。 Chroma A quality of colour. It refers to the purity, saturation, vividness, intensity or strength of a colour. In Munsell colour system, a term to indicate degree of saturation; zero represents neutral grey, and , depending on the hue, the numbers 10 to 16 represent complete saturation. 彩度 彩度是颜色的一个特质。它描述颜色的纯度、饱和度、鲜明度、量度和强度。在孟塞尔颜色系统里，色度是指饱和度。他用零表示中灰色，然后根据色相，用10至16来表示绝对饱和度。 Chromatic aberration A lens fault in which different coloured lights do not converge on the same plane causing a blur image. To correct chromatic aberration, two or more lenses, made of different kind of glass, are used together to bend the light rays in such a way that they come together on the image plane. See Apochromatic lens. 色差 透镜缺点之一。不同颜色的光线不能集中在同一平面上，造成模糊影像。要矫正色差，可用两片或以上不同性质的玻璃，造成透镜。它把光线作不同程度的屈折而集中一起。参阅复消色差透镜。 Chromaticity The quality of colour which can be defined by its chromaticity co-ordinates in a chromaticity diagram. 色度 颜色的质量,它可以在色度图上凭它的色度坐标界定. Chromaticity diagram Plane diagram in which one of the three chromaticity co-ordinates is plotted against another. It can either be triangular such as the CIE system, or circular as used by Hunter L,a,b and other colour systems. 色度图 平面图表.显示三个色度坐标之一与另一个的情况.在CIE系统里,它是三角形;但在亨特L,a,b及其他颜色 系统里,它是圆形. Chromic dermatitis A skin affliction resulting from attack on human tissues by salts of chromium and chromic acid. Commonly termed Chrome poisoning. 铬毒皮肤炎 人体产皮肤组织被铬盐和铬酸感染而引致的皮肤病.亦称中铬毒. Chromium-faced plate Printing plate upon which an electrolytic deposit of chromium has been made to provide greater wearing quality. 镀铬版 印刷版面上用电解法镀上铬,使它具有耐磨损的性质. Chromo paper A smooth, heavily coated paper, usually only coated on one side, often used for the printing of multi-colours such as labels, etc. 彩印纸 一种平滑,涂层特厚的纸.此种纸多数涂布一面,常用于多色彩印如标签等. Cicero The European 12 pt, unit of typographic measurement, similar to the Pica in British/American Point system. Equals to 4.511mm. See Didot point system. 西塞罗 欧洲用的印刷字体单位;类似英美点数制的[派卡].它亦采用12[点]为一[西塞罗];一[西塞罗]等于4.511毫米.参阅狄多点数制. CIE system A system to define colour in objective terms named after the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (French), or International Commission on Ilumination (English). The CIE system is based on three theoretical primaries, mixtures of which can be found that match all the spectral colours. The quantities of these primaries required to match a particular colour are called "tristimulus values" and can be used to calculate the trichromatic co0ordinates which can be represented graphically in the CIE triangle (CIE chromaticity diagram) . Any colour can then be located within the triangle and can be described by specifying its "dominant wave length" in nm, "purity" and "luminosity" in per cent. CIE 系统 CIE 是[国际照明委员会]的法文缩写;英文缩写是ICI. CIE系统是用客观条件来描述颜色的一个方法.它采用三个理想的光原色;所谓理想的光原色是指它们的混合可造成光谱上的各种颜色.要造成某色所需的原色份量,称为[三刺激值];用它来计算三色度坐标,然后在CIE三角形(CIE色度图)上标明.任何颜色都可以在CIE三角形上找到.要描述一个颜色,就说明它的[主波长],单位是毫微米;[纯度]和[明度],都用百分率计. Circuit (1) A system of electrical components and conductors through which a current flows. This condition is called a closed circuit. If the circuit is broken at a point, so the current cannot flow, it is an open circuit. (2) A communication link between two or more locations. (1)电路,(2)线路 (1) 电流可以流通于电器元件和导体间的系统;这个情况,称为[闭路].如果于某处切断电路以致电流不能通过,则儿为[开路]或[断路]. (2) 线路是两点或更多点之间的通信连接. Circular screen A glass halftone screen having a circular outside frame, to permit screen rotation, for convenient screen angle selection. 圆网屏 是玻璃制的半色调网屏.它有着可以旋转的圆形外框,方便调换网线角度. Circumferential movement A term used to describe the direction of movement coincident with the periphery of a cylinder, drum or roller. See Lateral movement. 圆周向移动 用来描述跟着圆筒,圆鼓或辘的外边转动而移位的情况.参阅横向移动. Clean line An electrical power line dedicated to one machine and therefore not subject to power fluctuations. 净线 专供一部机器用的电力供应线,这样可以避免电流波动情况. Clean proof A printer's proof in which there are no errors. 清样 没有错漏的稿样. Clear To empty memory, on a screen, a file, etc. 清除 把贮记器,萤幕或档案等转为空白的情况. Close register Used to describe jobs having small register tolerances. Also called Tight register. 精细套正 用来描述只容许微细宽限作套印的印件. Close up To remove space between elements on a page. 收窄 在一版面内,减少各元素间的空间的情况. Cloth binding (Cloth-bound) A case-boud book having a cloth cover. 布面装 用布做书皮的硬壳书本。 Cloth centred paper Paper with a linen centre, often used for maps when much refolding is anticipated. 布心纸 麻布夹心的纸，常作地图用，以应付使用时的多次摺合。 Cloth lined paper Paper backed with linen or muslin for additional strength. 托布纸 纸背裱上麻岂布或棉纱以增加纸的强度。 Club line The short line, such as a sub-heading, at the start of a paragraph that looks unsightly at the foot of a page. Also called Orphan. See Widow. 版末短行 字数小的一行字，如副标题，排在版尾时，很容易被视而不见。美国俗称“孤儿”。参阅孤行，寡行。 Coarse screen A halftone screen of up to 34 lines per cm used in illustrations printed on newsprint and other cheap papers. 粗网 每厘米34线以下的半色调网线。印在新闻纸和其他廉价纸张上的插图，多用粗网。 Coated paper Paper having chian clay or other similar substanc applied to one or both sides to provede smoothness. 粉纸 在一面或两面涂上一层瓷土或类似物质，以增加它的表面平滑宽的纸。 Coating (1) Light sensitive material applied to the surface of litho plate. (2) Clear protective varnish applied to printed surface for protection. (3) China clay mixture used on paper. 涂剂 （1）涂布在柯式印版上的感光性材料。（2）涂布在印刷品上的保护性清漆（光油）。（3）涂布在纸上的瓷土混合剂。 COBOL Acronym for Common Business Oriented Language. An internationally accepted highlevel computer programming language widely used in commercial data processing. 高保 英文是一个字首字，是“通用商业语言”的缩写。它是一种国际通行的高阶层电脑语言，广泛的在商业数据处理方面使用。 Cockle finish paper Puckered finish to a sheet of paper, created through a creping machine. Also called Creped paper. 皱纸 经过起皱纹机造成有皱纹的纸。 Cockling The puckered effect produced when printing sheets of paper having wavy or tight edges. 起皱 用带有浪形纸边或弓形纸边的纸张施印，起皱情况就会发生。 c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Code A character-string or line of symbolic instructions to a computer. The code applying to a particular computer is often called the "language" of the computer. 代码 指令电脑的字符串或一行符号。适用于某个电脑的代码亦称为该电脑的[语言]。 Code conversion The changing of data from one code to another, as in changing from TTS to ASCII code. 代码转换 把数据从一种代码转成另一种代码。例如把[电传打字码]转为[雅舒码]。 Code converter A device which converts one set of symbolic codes into another. 代码转换机 把一套代码形式转换成另一套代码形式的机器。 Code structure The structure scheme of a symbolic code which is the structure scheme of a computer language. 代码结构 一组符号代码的组合体制，亦即是电脑语言的结构方式。 Cold colour Colour containing blue tones. Also called Retreating colour. 冷色 带有蓝色色调的颜色。亦称后退色。 Cold melt An adhesive which is applied for binding purposes at room temperature. 冷胶 在室温下作装订用的粘合剂。 Cold type Type produced by means other than hot metal. However, some prefer to exclude phototypesetting from the definition, leaving cold type to refer to strike-on, transfer lettering, and hand drawn lettering method of type production. 冷排 除使用金属字体以外的排字方式。本来照相排字也属冷排，但是一些意见认为冷排的定义不包括照相排字。所以，冷排的范围限于使用打字、擦贴字和手工绘划字。 Coldset ink Ink which dry wholly by penetration are called coldset ink. This type of inks are mainly used for the printing of newspapers by rotary letterpress or web offset process. 冷凝墨 只用渗透方式来干燥的油墨。它的主要用途是印报纸：在卷筒纸柯式机上或轮转式活版印刷机上使用。 Collate (1) To arrange cards, sheets of paper or data into an ordered sequence. A machine performing this type of works is called a Collator. (2) The checking of page numbers or sections after gathering to ensure there is no duplication or omission and that the sequence of pages or sections is correct before binding. （1）配页，（2）查帖 （1） 把一页页的咭纸、纸张或数据依照次序排好。做这样工作的机器，称为配页机。 （2） 在集帖之后检查各帖或页码的操作。确保次序正确，没有重复或遗漏，然后装订。 Collating mark A distinctive rectangular mark, or short thick rule printed at successively lower positions on the spine of adjacent sections of a book, forming a stepped pattern, to denote correct gathering sequence. See Black-step collation. 帖标 印在帖脊上的显著黑色方块或粗黑线条；它们顺着帖次向下移动，组成梯级图案，表示各帖的次序正确。参阅黑梯级查帖法。 Collator A machine to collect punched cards or document sheets into a desired sequence. 配页机 参阅配页。 Colloid A substance that does not dissolve, nor is suspended in a liquid, but is dispersed in a liquid. A colloid has particles larger than molecules or ions in solution, but smaller than those in suspensions; the particles cannot be filtered to form a residue, e.g. starch, glue, are colloids; they form colloidal solutions which may be used as adhesive, or the main ingredient for light sensitive coating. 胶质 既不溶解也不悬浮，但分散于液体中的物质。胶质的粒子大于溶液中的分子或离子，但是小于悬浮液中的分子或离子。它的粒子不能被过滤而形成滤渣，例如淀粉、动物胶等属于胶质，用以制成胶状溶液，成为粘合剂或感光膜的主要成份。 Collotype A planographic process using gelatine as the sensitized plate coating onto which the image is exposed photographically and without a screen. Now very rare, but used for high-fidelity reproduction, particularly of art subjects of very short runs. 珂罗版 是一种平版印刷。它用明胶作感光版面，不需网片就可以在它上面曝光，造成印纹。这个印刷方法，现在很少使用。但复制美术作品，质量要高而数量不多的，则仍然用它。 Colorimeter Device for comparing colours, either visually or with photoelectric devices, and analysing them quantitatively. Colorimeters are of three types:(a) colour album or filter samples for comparison, essentially empirical; (b) monochromatic colorimeters which match colours with a mixture of monochromatic and white lights; (c) trichromatic colorimeters in which a match is effected by a mixture of three colours. 色度计 一种用视觉或光电装置来分析和比较颜色数量的仪器。色度计分三类：（甲）颜色样本册或滤色样本；它只能做视觉上的比较。（乙）单色色度计；它把一个色光和白光混合，使与样本颜色吻合。（丙）三色色度计；它混合三个光色，使与样本颜色相符。 Colorimetry The science that aims at specifying and reproducing colours as a result of measurement. 色度学 以量度结果作为描述和复制颜色的目标的科学。 Colour Stimulation of the eye and brain resulting from the light reflected by an object under illumination. It is affected by the quality of the light source, condition of viewing and the visual perception of the viewer. 颜色（色彩） 物体在光照下的反射光造成对眼睛和脑的刺激就是颜色。光源的质素，观察环境和观察者的视觉感应，都影响颜色效果。 Colour balance In process colour printing, a term to describ the grey balance and ink trapping which are of the correct value to give the required tone reproduction. In colour prints or transparencies, it is the effect of achieving correct colour values using colour filters. 色彩平衡 四色彩印时，灰色平衡和油墨牵力的数值都准确，使色调复制达到要求的情况。在彩色幻灯片或相片晒印方面，就是利用颜色滤片造成色调均匀的效果。 Colour bars Narrow strips on the back edge of the sheet in four-colour process printing showing densities or evenness of ink across a sheet. 色带 四色彩印时，放在纸尾的窄长条纹。它显示横过纸面的油墨密度或均匀性。 Colour cast Defect of colour print or transparency dur to bad lighting or processing. It may be an overall cast which can be removed quite easily; a local cast which can be removed by retouching only or a tonal cast which restricted either to highlights, mid-tones or shadows and cannot be removed without using a scanner having that function. 偏色 彩色相片或透明片的缺点。有容易清除的全面偏色；有用修描法才能除去的局部偏色和只在光调，中间调或暗调出现的色调偏色。色调偏色要在具有改色功能的分机上，才可除去。 Colour charts Charts to show a range of colour combinations of three selected process-ink colours and black, usually in ten-percent dot size steps. 色表 用某套四色油墨印制的一系列的颜色组合图表。通常用三色和10%网点的差别作组合，再加上黑色。 Colour control strip An aid for monitoring the quality of process colour printing. The colour control strip gives early warning of change taking place in the quality of half-tones and solids by indicating the change visually or requiring the use of a densitometer. There are many different made, but nearly all contain those control informations such as "density of solid colours";"assessment of ink trapping";"half-tone evaluation";"grey balance control";"dot gain";"slur" and "doubling". 色彩控制条 监管四色彩印品质所用的工具。它在网点或实地品质出现显著变化之前在视觉上或密度计上显示警告。色彩控制条有多种，但它们都具备各项控制资料，如[实地密度]、[油墨牵力]、[网点品质 ]、[灰色平衡]、[网点增大]、[拖影]和[重影]。 Colour correction Alteration to the colour values of an illustration either by the original photographer using colur filters, orby adjusting the colour scanner to produce the correct result. Subsequently correction can be done by means of dot-etchig or retouching on the color separations or on an electronic page composition system. 改色 调整原相片的色调，使色彩符合要求的操作。先用颜色滤片或调较分色机作改色。再有调整，则用网点腐蚀方法或使用电子拼版系统上的设备，修改分色片。 Colour fast An ink or coloured material whose colour is not affected by exposure to air or specified chemicals. See Light fast. 耐久色 能够抵受空气或某类化学品的影响而不变色的油墨或颜色材料。参阅耐光性。 Colour filter A sheet of glass, plastic or gelatin used for colour correction, in colour separation or for special effects. 滤色片 用来改色的玻璃片、胶片或明胶。在分色时或作特殊效果时使用。 Colour guide Instructions on artwork indicating colour requirements. 颜色指引 写在正稿上的颜色复制指示和引导。 Colour matching system Method of colour specification by using a type of colorimeter or other aids, e.g. the CIE system, or colour album prepared by ink manufacturers. 配色系统 用色度计或其他器材描述某个颜色的方法。例如使用[CIE系统]或用油墨商印制的[颜色样本册]。 Colour reversal A colour film or paper which produces a positive image directly from a positive original. 彩色反转 一种彩色菲林或相纸，它把阳图原稿直接复制成阳图。 Colour scanner Scanner for colour separation. See Scanner. 分色机 用扫描方法分色的机器。参阅扫描机。 Colour sensitivity One of the three properties of photographic materials. It is the ability to response to different coloured light. Other two properties are Contrast and Emulsion speed. 感色性 照相材料的三个特性之一。它对不同颜色光线有不同的感应程度。另两个特性是[对比]和[感光度]。 Colour separation Separating full colour into the four process colours (yellow, magenta, cyan and black) by means of filters, resulting in four films used to make printing plates. 分色 用滤色片把全部色彩分为四个彩印颜色（黄、洋红、青蓝和黑），造成四张制版用的菲林。 Colour separation film Films of good colour sensitivity used for colour separation. 分色菲林 具有良好感色性能，作分色用的菲林。 Colour sequence The order in which the four colour process is printed. 色序 四色彩印时的颜色先后次序。 c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Colour swatch A sample of a specified colour. 色板（颜色样本） 某个颜色的样本。 Colour temperature Colour temperature is defined as the colour produced by a symbolic black body radiator when heated to that particular temperature, measured in degree Kelvin. It is an important term in photography to denote the quality of a light source. Sources rich in red light have a low colour temperature and sources rich in blue light have a high colour temperature. 色温 一个绝对黑体在加热到某一温度时，就发出相对的颜色：色温就是产生该颜色的温度，用开氏度表示。色温是光源质量的指示，对摄影方面很重要。低色温的光源的光源偏红，高色温的光源偏蓝。 Colour transparency A full colour photographic positive on film. 彩色透明片 带有全部色彩的阳图菲林。 Colour wheel Kiagrammatic arrangement of primary and secondary colours in a circle, as a visual aid in determining relationship and harmony among colours. There are colour wheels of 10 hues, 12 hues, etc. 色环 把原色和二次色等用图表方式排列成环形，作为决定颜色间的关系或在调和颜色方面作选择的工具。应用的色环，有十色、十二色等等。 Coloured edges Dyed edges on a book block. See Gilt edges. 着色书边 在书芯上各边染上颜色。参阅刷金书边。 Column inch A newspaper measurement of text space for advertisement charges: one column wide and one inch deep. In Chinese newspaper, it is one column deep and one inch wide. (With the introduction of the metric system in Hong Kong, both English and Chinese newspapers calculate their advertisement charges in column centimetre.) 栏寸位 英文报纸用的内文空位量度，以计算广告收费：一栏宽度和一英寸深的面积。中文报纸则以一栏深度和阔度计算。 （注：香港在实行十进制后，各中英文报纸改用[栏厘米位]计算广告收费。） Coma A lens aberration which causes subject points to record as coma-shaped images. This effect is mostly found in fast lenses and when large apertures are used. 彗星差 透镜的一种像差。它使图像点带有像彗星尾巴似的影像。这个情况多数在强光镜头，使用大光圈时发生。 Combination folder A machine combining a knife and buckle folder. 混合式折纸机 结合刀式折和栅栏式折的折纸机。 Combination line and tone A single print or piece of film combining half-tone and line work. 网点线条混合 结合半色调网点和线条图形的相片或菲林。 Command A computer instruction specifying an operation . 指令 命令电脑进行一项操作的指示。 Common impression cylinder press A design of offset printing presses using a common imoression cylinder for two -colour and four-colour machines. 公用压力圆筒印刷机 柯式印刷机的一种设计。变色机和四色机都共同使用一个别压力圆筒。 Communication link A means ofconnecting one location to another location for the purpose of transmitting and receiving ingormation .See Data link. 通信线路 连接地区与地区间的信息收发的一种方法。参阅数据线路 Compact disk A plastic disk which carries significantly more data than normal magnetic media. Also called Optical disk. 光碟 数据容量比一般磁碟特多胶碟。参阅下文。 Compatibility The ability of one device to interconnector share programs or data with another,by means of having the same code, speed and signal level. Also the ability of one manufacturer's computer components, to be used or plugged into another manufacturer's computer. 兼容性 一系统能连接其他系统或使用同一软件的能力，它们须具有相同的代码，速度和信号电平。亦指某种电脑元件可以插入另种电脑内使用的能力。 Compiler A system program that translates high-level language programs into machine code. 编译程式 是一种系统程式，它把高阶层语言程式转为机器代码。 Complementary colours In additive colour mixing, it is the colour required to mix with a primary colour to produce white, or in subtractive colour mixing, a colour re -quired to mix with a primary colour to produce black. 补色 在加法混色中， 和一个原色混合而成色的颜色 。 在减色混色中，和一个原色混合而成的颜色。 Compose To make up type into lines and/or pages.The operator is called a Computer. 排字 把字粒逐个的排成一行或一版。做这个工作的人，称为“排字技工”。 Composing cabinet Cabinet that has a slanting board mounted on top for placing of case on one side and galley on the other. Itis an area where the compisitor set types and make up of pages. 排版台 字柜上面装置斜板，就成为排版台。它一旁放置字磐，另一旁放置拼版版磐。是排字员做检字和拼版的地方。 Compising stick A hand-held,wooden or metal tray in which a compositor sets type by hand. 手盘 用木或金属造成的磐形手工具。排字技工检字粒时用。 Composition sizes Types under 14 pt in size .As distinct from Display sizes . 内文用字 小于是14点的字，有别于标题用字。 Compositor The individual who sets tyoe; originally by hand ,but now by all methods , Called Typograther in America. 排字技工 做排字工作的人员，初时单指手工排字的人，现在则包括用任何方法排字的人。 Comprehensive(Comprehensive layout) A layout of a design showing type and illustration in a manner near to the printed result. Also called Finished layout or Finished visual. 详细版面设计图 一份版图设计图，它的字体和表达，接近印刷效果。 Compressible blanket Multi-layer rubber blanket, one of which is a sponge like layer filled with air. It depresses when under pressure.This characteristic keeps the blanket smooth when the press is running at high speed and thus keeping the print quality. 气垫胶布 多层组合的胶布，其中一层是海棉质的充气层，它受压时可以收缩。在高速印刷的情况下，宛个可以压缩的特性使胶布保持平伏，从而保持印刷品质。 Computer A device which will accept information , apply prescribed processes to the information and supply the results of the processes. A computer usually condists of input ,central processing unit(CPU) and output. 电脑 能够接收信息，并按照预定程式对信息进行处理，然后提供处理结果的装置。一部电脑通常由输入，中央处理机和输出组成。 Computer graphics The creation or manipulation of non-textual data like pictures, deawings,charts,etc.by computer. 电脑绘图 用电脑操纵或创造非文字性的数据如图片、图画，图表等。 Computer typesetting The use of a computer to stoire and display typesetting and to perform many other functions such as hyphenation and justification. 电脑排字 使用电脑贮存和显示排字情况和实行很多其他功能如分字和齐行等。 Concertina fold See Accordio fold. 风琴摺 参阅上文。 Concurrent processing The execution of two programs simultaneously. 共行处理 同时执行两个程式的情况。 Condensed type A typeface with narrow characteristics. 窄身字 字体的特点是字身宽度比正常为窄。 Conditioning The treatment of paper,either exposure to atmospheric conditions or by "paper conditioning machine ".so that its moisture content matches the ambient atmosphere. 调湿 让纸张和空气接触或使用调湿机使它的水份含量和环境大气相等的处理方法。 Conformability The degree in which a paper surface will curve to contact ink on the press. 适应性能 纸张在印刷机上所以能弯曲以接触油墨的和度。 Console The device which controls the operations of a system having mainframe computer. 控制台 操纵整个大型电脑系统的控制装置。 Consumable textbook A book which can be written in by the student and therefore can be used only once. 作业部 学生用来做练习的书本。所以，它只可以使用一次。 Contact angle The angle made by a drop of liquid with a solid at the point of intersection . It is measured through the liquid.The contact angle tells how well a liquid wets a solid ,the smaller the angle ,the better the wettability. It is an important research aid to study the behaviour of damping solutions and litho plate surfaces. 接触角 一滴液体和固体接触时所造成的角度。量度时，要穿过液体内部。接触角表示湿润性；角度小，湿润性好。它是研究柯式印版表面和湿润液的主要工具。 Contact box/cabinet/frame A device ,having an in-built light source and a vacuum pump,used for duplication.Light sensitive materials such as sheet of film or paper is exposed in contact with another film. 复片机 将菲林底片和感光材料如菲或相纸等接触，经 过曝光而进行复制的一种设备。它装有真空泵和内部光源。 Contact print A photographic print of a negative or positive made in contact with,and therefore the same size as , the original .See Projection Print. 接触晒印 将阳图或阴图触及曝光所造成的相片。这个方式，只可作原大晒印。参阅射印。 Contact screen Half-tone screen used in direct contact with the photographic film for creating half-tones .See Hakl-tone screen. 接触网片 和菲林直接触的半色片调网片；它造成半色调效果。参阅半色调网片。 c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contents Page of a book or magazine explaining the contents and the page where they appear. 目录 说明书本或杂志的内容并注明页码的一版。 Continuous feeder A type of automatic sheet feeder which can be manually replenished with stock without interrupting production . 连续给纸机器 自动给纸器的一种。它用人手补充纸张，但不会中断生产。 Continuous form/stationery Reel stationery used on computer printers and other automatic machines . 连续表格 卷筒装的文件单据，供电脑打印或其他的自动印表机用。 Continuous tone A image in which tonal gradation is produced by gradually changes of density . 连续色调 由渐变密度构成的不同色调层次的图像。 Contone Shot for "Continuous tone ". 连续色调 参阅上文。 Contrast The brightness difference between the light and th dark tones of original or image.Also used to ddescribe the property ofa photographic material. 对比 原稿或图像里的明暗差别的亦用来表示照材料的明暗差别。 Control strip A general term which refers to the various quality control aids in strip form, e.g. "Colour strip","Density control strip" and "Signal strip", etc. 控制条 是一个广告名词，泛指条状的质量控制工具；例如：“色彩控制条”，“密度控制条”和“信号条”。 Control tape Computer tape containing control information rather than data. 控制磁带 装载控制信息而不是资料数据的电脑磁带。 Control Unit Part of a computer CPU which sequences operations. 控制部 电脑的中央处理器内的一个部件，它控制操作次序。 Conversion The prpcess of changing data from one form of representation to another form;e.g.binary data to decimal, or TTS to ASCII.Also ,the process of changing from one system or machine to another . 转换 把数据从一种形式转换为另一种形式的方法。例如把二进制转为十进制或把“电脑打字码”转换“雅舒码”。同时，它亦指由一种系统或机器转码为另一系统或装置。 Converter A device for the conversion of data from one form to another;e.g.form paper tape to magnetic tape or disk . 转换器 把数据从一个形式转换为另一个形式的装置。例如把纸带转换为磁带或磁碟的装置。 Convertible A press which can print either a single colour on bothsides, or two colours on one side. 转换式印刷机 一部可以从单面变色转为底面印的印刷机。 Coverting Sheeting ,re-reeling or changing the soecification of sheefs or reels of paper ;or the process of making articles such as box,etc.from paper . 纸加工 把卷筒纸切单张或重卷；或改变纸张或卷筒的尺寸；又或将纸造成纸盒等用品的情况。 Cooking Treating pulp with heat, water and chemicals. 蒸煮 用热力、水和化学剂处境纸浆的情况。 Copier paper Paper used in photocopying machies. 影印纸 影印机用的纸。 Copperplate printing An intaglio printing process where the printing pllte in produced by engraving on copper .This type of printing is characterised by its sharp and clear lines and a slighty raised image . 铜版凹印 是凹版印刷的一种。印版是雕刻铜片而成。这个印刷的特点是线条清晰，印纹略为凸起。 Copy A general term to mean originals and manuscripts for repropduction. 原稿 复制用的图片原稿和文字原稿的通称。 Copy holder Person who assist the proof reader in proof reading. Copy holder reads copy , proof reader checks the proof , the two work together in pairs. 读稿员 协助校对员的人。读稿员手持原稿，读出原文，校对员核对稿样，两人一齐工作。 Copy preparation Marking on copy of the appropriate instructions for the compositor or for reproduction . 原稿整理 在原稿上作适当的排字或复制指示。 Copyboard See Camera copyboard . 相机稿架 参阅上文。 Copyfitting Determining the typographical specification to which a manuscript needs to be set in order to fil l a given amount of space. 配稿 使一份文字原稿能配合一个固定篇幅而决定的排字指示。 Copyfitting table Rrference tables showing the number of characters against line length in picas for a specific fype face and size. 配稿字数表 字行长度和字符数目的对照表。它列出某一字体和字大小在各”派卡”长度里的字符数目。 Copyright The right of an author or artist to control the use of their original as defined by law. 版权 根据法例，作家或艺术家对他们的原作品的使用权力。 Cording To insert or tie cord on hanging cards, calendars ,book- mark ,etc. 绑线 在吊牌、月历或书签等上面穿线打结。 Core memory A type of memory that stores information on magnetically charged, doughnut shaped cores. Mass storage is currently mostly on magnetic disk ,drum, or taoe rather than core. 磁心贮记器 磁心像炸糖环的形状，存贮信息。它是磁化贮记器的一种。大量的信息存贮，现在多采用磁碟、碟鼓或磁带，用磁心贮记器较少。 Corner marks These may be drawn directly on the original artwork, or added during make-up. /they serve as cut/trim marks for use in the finishing operation or as register marks during printing . 角线 角线可直接划在正稿上或在拼版时加上。它在完成加工时。作裁切记号，亦可在印刷时，作套正记号。 Corrigenda List of corrections in a book. See Errata slip. 正误表 更正书籍错字的表，粘附于书内。 Corrugated board Laminated board with an undulating middle layerm often used for carton making, An important material in packaging. There are many types of corrugated board which can be classified according to the shapw of undulation adn the number of undulating layers. 瓦通纸板 带有波浪形状芯层的裱合纸板，常用于制造瓦通纸箱，是包装的主要材料。瓦通纸板的种类很多，可依芯层的波型和层数分类。 Couch Device at the end of the wet end of a paper making machine where the wet paper is passed to the press section . 伏辊 造纸机上湿部末端的装 ，它把湿纸送往压榨部。 Counter The inside area of the typeface, e.g.the centre of an "O". 字谷 字面上被笔划围饶的部分，如O字中间。 Counter etch A weak acid solution ,e.g. acetic acid , used to clean a plate chemically before coating . 清洗腐蚀剂 化学性的版面清洗 ，在涂布乐膜前使用。它是一种弱酸溶液，如醋酸等。 Counting keyboard A phototypesetting input keyboard which calculates character width and spaces used and indicates space left in a line . 计字键盘 照相排字机的一种键盘，它计算每个字符和字隔的宽度，并显示该行字长余下的空位。 Cover The putside pages of a book. It decorates, protects, and tells the title and author of the book. Cover of a book may be divided into "front cover ","inside front cover","inside back cover "and "back cover ". 书皮 保护书页、说明书名和作者，并作装饰用的书本外页。书皮分为“封面”，“封面里”，“封底里”和“封底”各部分。 The fixing of a book cover to the spine and end papers . 上书皮 把书皮粘贴于书 和 纸上。 Covering power The ppacity achieved by a printing ink. 遮盖力 油墨所达到的不透明程度。 Co-axial cylinders viscomter A type of viscomter for measuring the viscosity of non-newtonian liquids such as offset and letterpress inks. 同轴圆筒流阻度计 流阻度计的种。它量度非 顿流动液体如活版和柯式油墨等的流阻度。 CPC Short for Computer Print Control. A term used by Heidelberg Company to describe its remote comtrol system designed for its printing presses .The system has been refined to reach its fourth stage, CPC IV. CPC 电脑控制印刷的简称。海得堡公司用这个简称表达它制造和应用于印刷机上的遥控系统。这个系统，现在已改进到第四阶段，称为CPC IV。 Crash (1)A more-or-less serious breakdown of an electronic system caused by the failure of a component or by a reading head damaging the surface of a disk . (2)A muslin cloth used for lining the spine of a book during binding . （1）塌机（2）粗纱布 （1）电子系统由于元件失效或阅读头撞坏所造成相当严重的崩溃。 （2）装订书本时贴瘠用的一种麻质洋纱布。 Crash finish paper A finish to paper with a coarse, linen-like, surface. 布纹纸 表面有着麻布纹理装饰的纸张。 Crawling Contraction to ink paper when it has not penetrated the surface .A cause for mottling . 墨蠕动 油墨末渗入纸内前的收缩情况。是引起 斑的原因。 Crease (Creasing) (1)Impress an indented line across a sheet of paper or board for ease of folding .See Score . (2)A folding fault which leaves a crease in the sheet . （1）压折痕（2）绉纹 （1）在纸张或纸板上压印凹下线条，方便屈指。参阅“摺痕”。 （2）摺纸时造成起绉的故障。 Creped blanket A blanket which moves forward on the cylinder during the run, caused by incorrect pressure or insufficient blanket tension. 蠕动胶布 胶布在印刷时随着圆筒向前里里面蠕动的情况。成因是压力调校失当或胶布张力不足。 Creped paper See Cockle finish paper. 绉纸 参阅上文。 Cromalin A dry proofing system for process colour work manufactured by DuPont Company of America. 稿美丽 美国杜邦公司出品的四色印于式打稿系统。 Cropping Trimming or masking a photograph or artwork so as to achieve a better effext or better fit . 裁剪 裁剪或遮盖部分相片或美术稿，使它有更好效果或配合空间大小。 Cross direction The direction at right angle to the paper grain or machine direction. 横向 与纸纹成直角的方向。 c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cross fold A fold at right angles to the direction of the web. 横摺 与纸卷成直角的屈摺。 Cross line screen Standard half-tone screen .See Half-tone screen. 十字线网片 标准的半色调网片。参阅“半色调网片”。 Cross-head A sub-heading ranged centrally over a column. 通栏标题 放在一栏中间的小标题。 Crown Standard British paper size measuring 384*504mm. CROWN度 英国标题纸度，尺寸是384*504MM。 Crushing Paper defect affecting a small area and showing as a visible surface fault. 压痕 纸面故障，它影响的面积小，但瑕疵显。 Crystallisation Condition of an ink layer which ,due to too much dryer causing rapid oxidation, will not accept a second ink overpring .See Refuse. 晶体化 层因燥油过多而 速氧化，使叠印有不着墨的情况。 Curing The rapid solidification of ink or varnish by means of chemical action. See Drying , Setting . 固化 用化学方法使油墨或光油 速变成固体。参阅“干 燥，凝固”。 Curl A paper distortion in which it takes a simi-cylindrical shape;due to structural, grain direction and coating differences between the two sides; usually aggravted by moisture. 卷曲 纸张的故障情况，由于纸的本身结构，纸纹和底面 油层的不同，再加上湿度的影响，使它弯曲成半圆形。 Cursive Typefaces which simulate handwriting form of touch each other in the free flowing form of handwrting , but there are designs having no joined characters .Also called Script. 草书体 像书法的英文印刷字体。一些设计把字母笔画相连接或接触，像连笔划流畅 的草书。亦有些设计，其字母笔划，并不连接。 Cursor Moveable indicator on a video display screen to show a location as instructed by the operator. 光标 在影像显示荧光屏上可移动的标志。它指出操作员所需的位置。 Curtain coating A paper coating system in which the coating is injected horozontally across the web .Also called Spray coating. 帘幕式凃布 布纸张的一种方式。凃 剂在横过纸卷，水平放置的喷嘴中喷射于纸面上。亦称喷雾式凃布。 Curvature of field A lens fault in which a perfect image at all pionts on the flat film cannot be formed because the lens do not have the right curvature. Consequently, when the centre of the image is in focus ,the margins will be out of fovus and vice versa. 像面弯曲 镜头像差的一种。由于镜头的 度不准确，所以不能在平放的菲林上造成完美的影像；当影像中间清晰时，旁边则模糊；或影像旁边清晰时，则中间模糊。 Curved plates Electros or stereos shaped for use on rotary printing machines. 弧形板 轮转机手的电铸版或铅铸版。 Cut (1)Amercan term to mean letterpress block. (2)American term to mean an illustration. (3)The act of cutting paper with a guillotine . （1）版块（2）插图（3）裁切 （1）英文是美国术语，指活版印用的版块。 （2）英文是美国术语，指一幅插图。 （3）用切纸机裁切纸张的情况。 Cut flush Binding style with the cover cut flush with the pages. 齐旁装 装订的款式。书籍的书皮和书页一起切齐。 Cut marks American term meaning marks printed on a sheet to indicate the edge of page to be trimmed . Called Trim mark in Britain. 裁切记号 印地纸上，指示裁切位置的符号。 Cutter A general term for small cutting tools of various designs for various purposes. For clear indication ,it is necessary to specify the type ,e.g. paper cutter,slug cutter, angle cutter,etc. 挫刀（刀具） 小型挫切工期的通称。有各种不同设计院以配合不同需求。为清楚起见，应指明类别。例如“裁纸刀”“切铅条刀”，“斜 角落刀”等等。 Cutting ahead Cutting watermarked paper regardless of watermark positions .See Cut-to-register. 不对位于裁切 不须理会纸上的水印位置面貌一新切的开纸方式。参阅对位裁切。 Cut-in index Divisions cut into edge of book to indicate alphabetical steps. Also called Step index. 梯级形索引 书本切口旁边， 顺着字节次序切成梯级形状。 Cut-in note Notes that set into the text space. 文内注 排在正文空间的注解。 Cut-off The maximum length of sheet that can be printed on a web press and equivalent dto the cirvumference of its impression cylinder. 截度 卷筒纸印刷机所印最长纸度，亦步亦趋是压力圆筒的周长。 Cut-out (1)Illustration with the background painted out or removed by process work. Better known as Silhouette. (2)A display card or book cover with a pattern die cut in it. （1）轮廓图形 （1） 凃去背景或在制作时把背景除去的插图。 （2）用模块压切成的轮廓形陈列咭封面。 Cut-size paper Small-sized paper sheets for stationery . The most common cut-size is A4. 定度纸 切妥当的细度文房用纸。最常用的定度是A4。 Cut-to-register Paper with a watermark in the same position on each cut sheet. See Cutting ahead. 对位裁切 开纸时，每一单张上的水印都要在相同位置裁切方式。参阅“不对位裁切”。 Cyan printer One of the four printing plates in a subtractive colour process whitch is to be printed in cyan ink. 青蓝版 减色彩印法中的四张印版之一。它用青蓝墨施印。 Cycle time The amount of time required for a computer to access or move fata , perform caculation and re-store the result in its memory. Stated in micriseconds or manoseconds, it is an indication of processor speed. 偱环时间 电脑从存贮器中提取数据并放回运算结果所需的时间，以微秒或毫微秒作单位。它是处境机的速度标志。 Cylinder dressing Sheets of paper around the impression cylinder of a letterpress printing machine which improve the definition of th print by providing a cushioned impression. 圆筒包衬 用不同质地的纸张包在活版印刷机的压力圆筒上，使它具有承垫性能，增加印刷质量。 Cylinder gap The non-printing portion of the peripheral surface of a printing cylinder where lock-up device is installed. 圆筒凹槽 印刷机圆筒上的空档部份。它设有各种锁紧装置。 Cylinder machine (1)A paper machine ,mostly used for making board ,in which a gauze-covered cylinder revolves in a vat oif pulp which is then depisited on its surface. Also called Vat machine . (2)A letterpress printing machine whixh uses a revolving cyllinder to make the impression .Can be used for die cuktting andcreasing. Also called Cylinder press. （1）圆纲造纸机（2）圆压式印刷机 （1）造纸机的一种，多用来制造纸板。这种肌有一个金属线纲圆筒，它在纸浆槽内转动，带动纸浆而成纸页。 （2用一个转动圆筒作压印的活版印刷机。亦可作模切和压摺痕。简称圆压机。 Cylinder packing A sheet placed behind the plate or blanket to compensate for different thickness of plates and blankets and permit adjustment of the contact pressure between them . 圆筒装垫 在印版与圆筒间或胶布与圆筒间加垫纸以抵消不同厚度的版或胶布，并调校两者间的接触压力。 Cylinder press See Cylinder machine . 圆压机 参阅上文。 Cyrillic alphabet Russian characters. 西里尔字母 俄文所用的字母。 D -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dab out A means of comparing or examining ink properties such as tack or ink it down to a thin film on the ink slab with a circular motion. Dab the ink and estimate its tack by feeling the pull under finger. Repeat the procedure in the paper to be printed and compare the colour with the sample. Also called Tap out . 拍试 手来检查或比较油墨特性如粘度和颜色的方法。用手指掭取小量油墨，在油墨械一以打圈方式把它分薄，然后轻轻拍打，从手指的感觉估计它的粘度。在印刷纸上重复这些步骤，把它的颜色和色辨比较。 Dabber A ball-shaped device filled with cotton or rag in the middle and wrapped with leather of fine cloth .Used for manual application of ink to type or blocks before the invention of the inking roller. It is still a primary tool for copying patterns of inscriptions on stone monuments. 拓包（墨球） 一个球状物体，中间是棉花或破布，外面用皮或细绒布包着。在墨辘还没有发明以前，用作手工上墨在字版式或版式块上。 拓印 石，拓包仍然是主要工具。 Dagger Dagger-shaped symbol used as f footnote reference mark. Usually follows the asterisk in order of use. 剑号 作脚注用的剑形符号，它的使用权用次序是跟着星号。 Dahlgren damping system A damping system designed by Harold Dahlgren. The principle of the system is based on using the first forme roller to carry the required moisture to the plate ,as well as the ink. This system is adopted by some web offset presses and many small offset presses. 达格伦润湿系统 由 洛达格伦设计的润湿系统。原理是用第一枝版墨辘在版面上同时作润湿和上墨。很多小型柯式机和一些卷筒纸柯式机都采用这个系统。 Daisy wheel The exchangeable impact printing head used on some type-writers and computer printers. Made of metal or plastic and having the individual characters at ends of the petals. 菊花字轮 一些打字机或电脑纸字机所用的撞 印字部件。用金属或 制成，个别字符在花末端，整个部件可 意替换。 Dampener American term. see Damper. 水辘 英文是美国术语。参阅下文。 Dampening vibrator Amerivan term . See Damping distributor. 分布水辘 英文是美国术语。参阅下文。 Damper Roller on an offset press which applies the moisture directly to the printing plate. Also called Dampener, Damping roller, Dampening roller. 水辘 柯式机上， 接在版面上加上水份的辘。 Damping (Dampening ) The process of applying water to the offset plare. 润湿 在柯式版面上加上水份的过程。 Damping (Dampening )distributor The roller with a lateral reciprocating motion in addition to rotation which applies the moisture to the dampers. Also called Dampening vibrator. 分布水辘 把水份分布在水辘上的辘；它除转动外还用左右往复移动。 Daping (Dampening )rokker See Damper. 水辘 参阅上文。 Damping (Dampening )solution Water,with gum arabic and other additives, for application to the non-image areas of offset plate.Also called Fountain solution . 水液 抹于柯式版上非印纹部份的液体。是清水加上阿拉伯胶和一些 加剂的混合溶液。 Damping (Dampening)system A mechanism in an offset press ,usually comprising a succession of rollers, for the purpose of conveying moisture from the fountain to the printing plate. There exists many different design of damping systems, such as Dahlgren ,air-knife, brush, etc. in addition to the conventional system. 湿润系统 柯式印刷机上的一个部份，通常是一连串辘的组合，作用是把水份从水 传送到版面上。湿润系统有多种设计， 惯用的设计外，还有达格伦，气，毛刷等。 Dancer roller A wrighter or spring-loaded roller in contact with the web to compensate for uneven tension, Also called Tension roller ,Idler, Jockey orll. 张力辘 用弹簧或砝码拉紧的辘。它与纸卷接触，以抵消纸上的不均匀张力。亦称 辘，骑辘。 Dandy roll A cylinder of wire gauze in the paper making machine that comes into contact with the paper while it is still wet .The dandy impresses the watermark and the laid lines into its surface when required . 水印辘 在造成纸机上的金属纲圆筒，它卢湿纸接触，按照需求压上水印 水纹。亦称 面辘。 Dark reaction The hardening effect which takes place in a light sensitive plate coating even withoukt expisure to light, High humidity and temperature aggravates the effect. 黑暗反应 版面感光乐膜虽末曝光但程现硬化的情况。高温和湿度使用权情况恶化。 Darkined-room camera A process camera the whole of which required to be placed indide the darkroom. 黑房相机 要整部放于黑房内的制版照相机。 Darkroom camera A process camera in which the part carrying the light sensitive material is located in a darkroom. 黑房式相机 放菲林的部份设于黑房内的制版相机。 Dash An one em rule to mark a pause in a sentence. 破折号 在句子内表示停顿的长度。 Data A gineral term for any collection of information, letters ,mumbers ,or symbols that can be processed by the computer. 数据 可以由电脑处理的一组信息，字母、数字或符号的通称。 Data bank/base A collection of organised information from which categories may be selectively retrieved . 数据库 有组织的信息的集合。其中的各项分类，可选择提取。 Data communication The movement or transmission of encoded information such as digitized letter, picture or sound , etc, by means of electronic or electrical communications channels. 数据通信 用电子或电力通信频道把加上代码的信息，如数据化的字图象和声音等移动或传送。 Data compression A method to increase the storing capacity of a defined space or reduce the space for storing a difined quantity of data. Data compression enables the utilized storage media to be reduced to an average of one tenth. For remote data transmission, the transfer times are reduced by the same amount .It is a common method employed in most full-page scanning and make-up systems. 数据压缩 在固定的空间内增加数据存贮量或对固定的数量减少存贮空间的方法。数压缩能够应用资料所需的存贮平均减少到十分之一。还程数的全版扫描和拼版系统都采用这个方法。 Data conversion The practice of translating information or coding from one computer language to another, from one alphabet code to another, from one code structure to another , or from one storage medium to another,Data conversion may be done online, or through a telecommunications or data communications device. 数据转换 把信息或代码从一种电脑语言转为另一种代码结构或一种存贮方法转为另一种运作。数据转换可以联络进行，功经电信或数据通信设施进行。 Data link The communications lines , modems and controls between two or more data commumications stations . 数据链路 两个或多个通信站之间的调制解调器、控制器或通信线路。 Data network A telecommunications network built specifically fir data transmission, rather than vorce transmission. 数据网 专为数据传送而不是为音波传送而设的电信网络。 Data processing A general term for the use of a computer to carry out business applications. 数据处理 泛指使用电脑作业务用不着的操作。 Data reduction The process of converting experimental data into useful , condended, information. 数据简化 把测试数据转为精炼、有用的信息。 Data set (1)An organized arrangement of information. (2)A data communications modem. （1）数据集（2）数据机 （1）有组织上编排的信息。 （2）一部数据通信用的调制解调器。 Data transmission The electronic transfer of information between two or more locations,Transmission may be by means of wires ,light beam, satellite,etc. 数据传送 信息在两个或多个地点间的电子传送。电线、光束或卫星等都可用作传送。 Daylight colour film The most common type of colour film which is designed to be used in daylight without or with electronic flash or blue flash-bulbs.This film type can also be used in tungsten or fluorescent lighting if a suitable filter is put in front of the lens or light source. 日光彩色菲林 最常用的彩色菲林。它的设计是在晶光下摄影，但可加用电子闪光或蓝光闪光灯。在 丝灯或荧光灯下摄影也可以，但要在镜头上或灯光前加上适当的滤色片。 Daylight film A high contrast film designded mainly for contacting or duplicating mormal room lighting condition. 日光菲林 对比高的菲林。其设计使它能在普通室内照明下作接触晒印或复制晒印。 De luxe edition An edition of a work printed on gigher-grade paper than the standard edtion and expensively bound . 豪华版本 怀标准版本比较，豪华版是采用较高品质纸张印刷并加上名 装订一个版本。 Debarking Stripping bark from logs prior ro their being pulped. 去皮 制浆前，把树区性剥去树皮上的操作。 Debossing The process of pressing a recess image using an un-inked block or die on paper or board . It is the opposite of embossing . 压凹 用不着墨的电版或模在纸上压成凹纹效果的方法。是浮雕压印的相反。 Debugging The detection and correction of errors in a computer program before it goes into use. 消除故障 把电脑程式中的误差查出，并加以 ，然后使用的操作。 Decal Short for "decalcomania". 贴花纸印刷 英文是一个略字。参阅下文。 Decalcomania A process for transferring printed pictures and designs onto china ,glass and other materials from specially prepared paper. 贴花纸印刷 是把印刷图案和设计从特别配制纸张上转移到瓷器，玻璃 其他材料上的方法。 Decalcomania paper Themporary base paper for decal process. 贴花基纸 贴花纸印刷用的暂时性基纸。 Decibe A unit for measuring relative intensities of sounds. Symbol dB. This is a logarithmic scale which means that increasing the number of decibels corresponds to a multiplication of intensity. /as a generalisation. loss of hearing will result with prolonged exppsure to noise in excess of 90dB. 分贝 量度相对音量的单位。符号是DB。分贝单位是对数比例，是音量的 度以倍数选进。长期处于分贝以上的音量中，通常用导致失聪。 Deciduous trees Hardwood trees which shed their leaves. 落叶树 年落叶的硬木树。 Deckle A device for fixing the width of a paper-making machine's web .It was originally the movable wooden frame on the hand-mould used for paper making . 定边板 控制造纸机上纸卷湿度的装置。原来是手造纸所用的手模上的活动木框。 Deckle edge The feathering edge of a sheet of handmade paper due to the pulp flows against the deckle. With machine-made papers,this effedt can be produced specifically. 毛边 手造纸时，纸浆涌向定旁木框所造成的 毛状旁。机器造纸，毛旁效果则要特别造成 。 Decoder A device used to unscramble data signals and display them on a video screen . 译码器 解读数据信号并把它列出于显示器的荧光屏上的装置。 Decoding The computer process of interpreting instruction code. 译码 解示指示代码的电脑操作过程。 Decomposition The breaking of a substance or compound into simpler substandes or compunds by chemical action, heat, or electric current . 分解 一个物质或化合物因化学作用，热力或电流而分裂成较简单的物质或化合物。 Dedication Inscription by the author dedicating a book to an individual.It is one of the many items within the preliminary matters of a book. 献词 作者把他的一本书献给一个人的题字。是引文部份较多的项目之一。 Deep-etch plate An offset plate made from a positive and on which the image printing areas are etched slight below the surface for long-run work. 深蚀版 用阳片制的柯式印版。它的印纹部耸被腐蚀而稍稍低 。作大量印刷用。 Default An instruction written into a computer program which provides the value or mode that a computer will use in processing information when no other value or mode is soecified by the operator so that the computer may run smoothly 无故障制定 无故障制定是电脑程式里的一项指示，当电脑处理信息而操作员并无输入所需数 或形式时，无故障制定就提供一个 定的数 或形式使电脑顺利操作。 Definition A general term describing the clarity of an image. More precise measures of image clarity ate resolution mumbers ,usually quoted in lines per mm. 清晰度 用来描述影像清晰的一般性名词。较为精细的量度则用解像度数，通常以 厘米若干线写出。 Deflection yoke The electromagnetic coils placed about the meck of a CRT for the purpose if magnetically controlling the position of the electron beam impinging on the face of the tube , functionting as pairs ,the coils above and below the tube conreol the vertical positioning of the electron beam; while the side pair of coils control the two sets of coils ,the electron beam dcan be caused to appear any place on the face of the CRT. 偏向线圈 在阴极射线管颈部附近的电磁线圈。它用磁力控制电子束射向管面的位置，要一对的才起作用。上下的线圈控制电子束的垂直方向；左右的线圈子控制水平方向。把通过这两对线圈的电流方向和强度改变，就可以控制电子束，使它显现在管面上任何位置。亦称扫描线圈。  更多文章
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